STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

ECOLOGY LABORATORY
GROUP 6
4BIO7
MEMBERS:
CAYOMBA
FORMAREJO
GUINTU

PROF. ALAMBRA

PROBLEM SET G
The caterpillar of a certain species feeds only on
the leaves of plant species A. Recent clearing of
part of the habitat of the butterfly species resulted
in the disappearance of plant species A in that
area, resulting in the caterpillars feeding on
another plant species (B). An entomologist wanted
to find out if the change in food plant species (A to
B) had any effect on the size of adult butterflies. He
captured adult butterflies from both areas (Area 1-
with plant species A, and Area 2-with plant species
B) and measured their wing spans (mm).
His data are recorded as follows:


Area 1

n
1
= 41
x
1
= 24.71
s
1
= 6.34
s
2
= 40. 1956
Area 2

n
2
= 31
x
2
= 19.60
s
2
= 4.82
s
2
= 23.2324

Statistical Problem Analysis:

-Two-Sample - Z-test
Z-TEST
A Z-test is any statistical test for which the distribution of the
test statistic under the null hypothesis can be approximated
by a normal distribution. Because of the central limit
theorem, many test statistics are approximately normally
distributed for large samples.
Z - TEST
Data types that can be analyzed with z-tests
data points should be independent from each other
z-test is preferable when n is greater than 30.
the distributions should be normal if n is low, if
however n>30 the distribution of the data does not have to
be normal


Z - TEST
the variances of the samples should be the same (F-test)
all individuals must be selected at random from the
population
all individuals must have equal chance of being selected
sample sizes should be as equal as possible but some
differences are allowed
Z TEST SOLUTION:
HYPOTHESIS TESTING


Right-tail test:

H
o
:
1

2


H

:
1
>
2

Z TEST SOLUTION:
HYPOTHESIS TESTING

H
o
= There is no significant difference in the
measurement of wing spans (mm) in different
areas.

H

= There is a significant difference in the

measurement of wing spans (mm) in different
areas.


Z-test formula:


His data are recorded as follows:


Area 1

n
1
= 41
x
1
= 24.71
s
1
= 6.34
s
2
= 40. 1956
Area 2

n
2
= 31
x
2
= 19.60
s
2
= 4.82
s
2
= 23.2324

Z TEST SOLUTION:
Z TEST FORMULA:

*degree of freedom

*df = n
1
+ n
2
- 2

Z TEST SOLUTION:


df = 41 + 31 2

df = 70 (nearest to 60)

Z TEST SOLUTION:

= 0.05
df at = 0.05 is 2.00

REFERENCES
http://www.le.ac.uk/bl/gat/virtualfc/Stats/ttest.html (December
4, 2013 Wednesday)