Alongside

Control Ship Approach Ship

1st
Line
BRAVO closed up if
transferring fuel or ammo

*Displayed where best seen
Alongside
Control Ship Approach Ship
Bravo at Dip - have temporarily stopped supplying/receiving fuel
USE OF
FLAG
Use of the flag PREP
(Receiving Ship only)

PREP is placed at the dip
15 minutes prior to
anticipated breakaway.
Alongside
Delivery Ship Receiving Ship
15 minutes
to breakaway

*Heads up to next
ships in line
Use of the flag PREP
(Receiving Ship only)

PREP is closed up
when disengaging last
station.
Alongside
Delivery Ship Receiving Ship
Fuel transfer complete
and disengaging at
last station
Use of the flag PREP
(Receiving Ship only)

PREP is hauled down
when the last line is
clear.
Breakaway
Delivery Ship Receiving Ship
All lines clear,
Haul down Prep
Disconnecting Procedures
Delivery ship stop pumping
Delivery ship will retrieve probe after
receiving ship trips manual release lever
Delivery ship will detension spanwire
Receiving ship will trip pelican hook
upon signal of delivery ship
ease spanwire over deck edge
Breakaway
Delivery ship returns phone and
distance line.
Receiving ship prepares breakaway
song.
Once all lines clear, receiving ship
increases speed by 5-10 knots when
clear and gradually changes course in
1-2 degree increments outboard when
stern clear of delivery ship
Emergency Breakaway!!!
Emergency Breakaway
Accelerated normal breakaway
Either ship can initiate for any reason
engineering / steering casualty
imminent danger from hostile forces
aircraft emergency
ship separates by more than 240 feet when
using single rig
man overboard with no lifeguard boat
rig parts/major fuel leak
Sound six short blasts on whistle

UNREP Communications
Carried out via radio telephone, flashing
light, flaghoist, semaphore, sound-
powered phone, and megaphone

UNREP at night
Darkened ship transfer stations are lit in
red/orange low-density lights. Contour lights
assist the receiving ship in coming alongside
and maintaining station
Romeo signals passed by flashing light or
semaphore
station-marker light box indicates what is
being transferred
UNREP at night
Phone/distance line uses chem lights
4 blue (one on each side) at 60, 100, 140, and
180 foot markers
1 red at all markers
Linehandlers life vests are rigged with green
chem light
Connected Replenishment
Rigging
Cargo
STREAM Method
Highline Method
Burton Method
Housefall Method

Fuel
STREAM Method
Conventional
Spanwire
Double hose rig
Close-in method
Astern fueling

Fueling at sea - largest volume of fuel
transferred by oilers
Factors that affect fueling rig
selection
Type of delivery ship (rig availability)
Conditions under which transfer is
conducted
Weather/Sea Conditions
Size/draft of receiving ship
shallow draft ships cannot use ram
tensioned spanwire

Fuel STREAM
Standard Tensioned REplenishment
Alongside Method
uses a tensioned spanwire to support the
cargo trolley or the fueling hose from the
delivery ship to the receiving ship
STREAM rig permits ships to open out
between 80-200 feet
High suspension of hose keeps it out of
water during high seas

STREAM
Most preferred method
Requires most elaborate rig
Hose is carried between two ships on a ram-
tensioned spanwire
Ram tensioner adjusts for minor changes in
hull separation
maintains constant tension on the highline
by paying out/taking in wire
highline - wire rope, mechanism carrying
load will ride on line
Hose supported by flow through saddles
which hang from trolley blocks that ride along
spanwire


Fuel STREAM, single hose with probe
STREAM
Saddle whips position the hose while
refueling and serve to retrieve the hose
after fueling is completed
rig brought across by messenger
Conventional Spanwire
Identical to fuel STREAM rig except
spanwire not tensioned
manually operated to adjust for minor and
major changes in distances btwn ships
Most preferred rig if STREAM
unavailable
Distance between ships 80-200 ft
Double Hose Rig
Variation to both the conventional
spanwire and fuel STREAM where two
hoses are suspended from same
spanwire
Two types of liquid may be transferred
at same time

Close-In Method
Used when delivery ship not equipped
with spanwire rig or receiving ship
cannot support spanwire
Hose supported by whips leading from
hose saddles to high projections on
delivery ships
Distance between ships 60-100 ft
Astern Fueling
Normally not employed by larger ships
in U.S. Navy
NATO agreements require that all
escort type vessels be capable of
receiving fuel from designated
merchant tankers by alongside and
astern methods

Refueling Coupling
Probe - consists of fueling probe on
hose
Receiver bell that seats probe
Single probe and receiver
FAS scenario using STREAM
w/ probe coupling
Shotline passed - messenger attached to
shotline received on receiving ship and
hauled in
Spanwire attached to messenger comes
aboard, end fitting attached to pelican hook
Delivery ship tensions spanwire
MINIMUM SEPARATION OF 140 FT REQ
Rig hauled over by receiving ship by heaving
around on messenger
delivery ship pays out rig until probe seated
FAS scenario using STREAM
w/ probe coupling
Remating line attached to probe and
messenger to hold rig in place in case of
slipping
Receiving ship requests delivery ship to
commence pumping
Upon completion, usually 450 gal in hose
fuel removed by blowdown, back suction, or
pig methods
Remating line removed and manual release
lever tripped