Gas Turbine usage in the production of Gas

Purpose of presentation

Gas Turbines have been introduced into the equipment types used in the
production of LNG/CSG, in recent years.
The main usages for GTs are:

Production of independent power supplies.

Compression of gas for cooling and transmission.

Heating of water for production usage.
Turbines
A turbine is any kind of spinning device that uses the action of a fluid to
produce work.
Typical fluids are: air, wind, water, steam and helium.
Windmills and hydroelectric dams have used turbine action for decades
to turn the core of an electrical generator to produce power for both
industrial and residential consumption.
Simpler turbines are much older, with the first known appearance
dating to the time of ancient Greece.
In the history of energy conversion, however, the gas turbine is
relatively new.
The first practical gas turbine used to generate electricity ran at
Neuchatel, Switzerland in 1939, and was developed by the Brown
Boveri Company.
Neuchtel Gas Turbine 1939-2002
Turbines
Some of the principle advantages of the gas turbine are:
It is capable of producing large amounts of useful power for a relatively
small size and weight.
Since motion of all its major components involve pure rotation (i.e. no
reciprocating motion as in a piston engine), its mechanical life is long
and the corresponding maintenance cost is relatively low.
Although the gas turbine must be started by some external means (a
small external motor or other source, such as another gas turbine), it
can be brought up to full-load (peak output) conditions in minutes as
contrasted to a steam turbine plant whose start up time is measured in
hours.

Turbines
A wide variety of fuels can be utilized. Natural gas is commonly used in
land-based gas turbines while light distillate (kerosene-like) oils power
aircraft gas turbines.
Diesel oil or specially treated residual oils can also be used, as well as
combustible gases derived from blast furnaces, refineries and the
gasification of solid fuels such as coal, and wood chips.
The usual working fluid is atmospheric air.
As a basic power supply, the gas turbine requires no coolant (e.g.
water).
Turbines
In the past, one of the major disadvantages of the gas turbine was its
lower efficiency (hence higher fuel usage) when compared to other IC
engines and to steam turbine power plants.
However, during the last fifty years, continuous engineering
development work has pushed the thermal efficiency (18% for the
1939 Neuchatel gas turbine) to present levels of about 45-47% and
combined cycle machines in the 60% range.
These projected values are significantly higher than other prime
movers, such as steam power plants.
Gas Turbines
Two main types of GTs:

Micro turbines.



Large Frame Gas Turbines.
Gas Turbines
Pros:

Higher efficiency ratings for power produced. (30% for diesel engines,
40%+ for GTs)

Has the ability to use the heat from exhaust for greater efficiency.

Can use a variety of fuels.

Lower emissions mean environmentally friendlier.

Low Noise levels.


Gas Turbines
Pros:

Lower vibration levels.

Lighter combined packages.

Lower Total Through Life maintenance costs.

No coolant required.





Gas Turbines
Cons:

High speed Rotating equipment.

Require particulate free air.

Specialised Technical maintenance trade skills.

Marginally slower to coming On-line.

No Australian Manufacturing base. (although there is Australian Deeper
Maintenance Facilities for some OEMs)(Wood Group GTS being one)


Gas Turbines
OEMs:
Capstone (Aquatec Maxcon) Micro turbines,
Rolls Royce
Solar
Siemens
GE Energy
Mitsubishi
Pratt & Whitney
Alstom

Gas Turbines
Usage:



Alstom GE
Siemens


Siemens
Solar
Capstone


OEMs

0-10 MW
Range


Power


Oil & Gas Power


Oil & Gas

Principal use

GE
P&W
Rolls-Royce
Siemens

Power and Oil & Gas

10-50 MW

50 + MW
Gas Turbines
Usage:

Gas Turbines
Micro Turbines
Characteristics:

One or two compression and turbine stages.

Mainly for power and production water.

Simple maintenance requirements.

Small footprint.
Micro Turbines
Micro Turbines
Large Frame Gas Turbines
Characteristics:

Multiple (5 or more) Compressor and Turbine Stages.

Used for power, compressors and production water.

Complex maintenance requirements.

Large footprint.

Large Frame Gas Turbines

Large Frame Gas Turbines
Large Frame Gas Turbines
Additional Advantages:

Combine Cycle units can include steam Generators, Heat/Cooling
circuitry.

Gas Compressors.

Hydraulic packages.
Combine Cycle Gas Turbines



Questions?