O-Rings: The Worlds Most Popular and Verstile Seal

O-RINGS
THE WORLDS MOST

POPULAR AND
VERSTILE SEAL
O RING HAS
BECOME
WORLDS
MOST
POPULAR AND
VERSTILE
SEAL DUE TO
ITS SIMPLE
SHAPE , LOW
SPACE
REQUIREMENT
AND ITS
AVAILIBILTY IN
VERY VAST
SIZES AND
COMPOUNDS

Why ORing used most:

O-Rings offer the designer an
efficient and economical sealing
element for a wide range of static
or dynamic applications.
A wide choice of Elastomers for
both standard and special
applications allow the O-Ring to be
used to seal practically all liquid
and gaseous media.
The dimensions of the O-Ring are
defined by the inside diameter d1
and the cross section d2. O-rings
of Cross sections approx. 0.35 to
40 mm and inside diameters up to
5,000 mm and more are available.

Why ORing used most:

Compared with other sealing
elements, the O-Ring has
a wide range of advantages:
Simple, one piece groove design
reduces hardware
and design costs
Compact design allows smaller
hardware
Easy, foolproof installation reduces
risk
Applicable to a wide range of sealing
problems, static,
dynamic, single or double acting
Wide compound choice for
compatibility with most
fluids
Ex stock availability of many sizes
worldwide for easy
maintenance and repair.

O-RINGS ARE MANUFACTURED IN
VAREITY OF STANDARDS
AS 568A USA
BS 1806 ENGLAND
DIN 3771 GERMANY
SMS 1586 SWEDEN
AFNOR 47501 FRANCE
JIS B2401 JAPAN
ISO 3601 INTERNATIONAL

O-ring sealing Principle
O-rings are bi-directional seals,
Circular in shape and cross section.
Generally made of elastomeric
material, but may be made of others
material such as PTFE.
O ring sealing Principle
An O-ring seals
through the
deformation of the
seal material by
installation and media
pressure to close off
the gap b/w matting
components.
All sealing
applications fall into
one of two categories
those in which the
seal or sealed surface
moves and those in
which the seal is
stationary.
These are further defined
as reciprocating seals
(seals exposed to linear
motion) and rotary Seals
(stationary seals exposed
to a rotating shaft).
O-rings are successfully
use in static as well as
dynamic applications.
The rubber O-ring should
be considered as an
incompressible viscous fluid
having a very high surface
tension. Whether by a
mechanical pressure from
the surrounding geometry
or by pressure transmitted
through the hydraulic fluid
or gas. This extremely
viscous fluid is forced to
flow in the gland to produce
zero clearance or a positive
block to the flow of the
media being sealed. the o-
ring absorbs the stack-up of
tolerances of the unit and its
memory maintains a sealed
condition.
Dynamic O-rings may fail
by abrasion against the
cylinder or piston walls.
Therefore the contacting
surfaces should be
polished for long seal life.
Moving O-rings that pass
over ports or other surface
irregularities while under
pressure are quickly
damaged.
In reciprocating applications, for
any given piston or rod diameter,
O-rings with smaller cross
sections tends to twist in the
groove while in motion. This leads
to leakage and failure. The
smaller cross section for each
inside diameter are therefore
omitted in the reciprocating design
tables.
For dynamic applications, the
largest cross sectional sizes
available should be used to
increase stability.
The tendency of an o-
ring to return to its
original shape when
the cross section is
deflected is the basic
reason why o-ring
make excellent
sealing.
The squeeze or rate
of compression is a
major consideration in
O-ring seal design.
O-rings with smaller
cross sections are
squeezed by higher
%age to overcome
the relatively higher
groove dimensional
tolerance.

In static applications the
recommended squeeze is
usually between 15-30%. In
some cases the very small
cross sections can even by
squeezed up to 30%.
In vacuum application the
squeeze can even be higher.
Squeezing more then 30%
induces additional stress which
may contribute to early seal
deterioration.
In dynamic applications the
recommended squeeze is b/w
8-16% due to friction and wear
consideration. Smaller cross
sections may be squeezed as
much as 20%.
Sealing Tips
Within reason, the larger
the cross section, the
more effective the seal
Avoid sealing axially and
radially at same time with
same O-ring or quad ring.
Dont use a seal as a
bearing to support a load
or center a shaft, this well
eventually cause seal
failure.
Sealing Tips
Selecting material consider:
The primary fluids which the
O-ring will seal
Other fluids to which the seal
will be exposed, such as
cleaning fluids or lubricants
The suitability of material for
the applications as
temperature extremes hot and
cold
The presence of abrasive
external contaminants
Keep the seal stationary in its
groove-Dont let it spin with the
rotating member
With a face seal, dont try to seal
around a squre corner, corners
must have a minimum radius of 4
times the seal cross section.

O ring Applications
Although sealing
applications can be
classified in many
different ways. A
common method for
classifying sealing
applications is by the
type of motion
experienced by the
application. The
common application
types are:
O ring Applications
O ring Applications
The O-ring is one of the most
popular seal choices because:
O-ring is Cost effective and the
cost to machine the seal
groove is relatively low.
As a bi-directional squeeze
seal, o-ring can be used in
extremely wide variety of
applications (both static and
dynamic)
The O-ring material allows for
maximum stretch or
compression and is therefore
quiet easy to install, generally
requiring no special tools.

O ring Applications (STATIC)
There are four
varieties of static
applications:
1. AXIAL:
The O-ring cross
section is squeezed
axially in the groove
similar to a flat
gasket.
2. RADIAL:
The O-ring cross
section is squeezed
radially in the groove
between the inside
(ID) and outside (OD).
3. DOVETAIL:
The O-ring cross section
is axially squeezed in the
dovetail groove, The
groove design allows the
o-ring to be retained in
the face seal during
assembly and
maintenance. This is
beneficial for special
application where the O-
ring has to be fixed by the
groove e,g, a lid which
open regularly
4. BOSS SEALS:
The O-ring is used for
sealing straight thread
tube fitting in a boss.
A boss is cylindrical
projection on a
casting or forging. The
end of that projection
is machined to
provide a flat, section
smooth surface for
sealing. Straight
threads used with an
O-ring provide a better
seal then tapered
threads used alone.
O ring Applications (DYNAMIC)
There are three varieties of
dynamic applications as
noted below:
1. RECIPROCATING
Reciprocating seals refer to
seals used in applications
that slide back and forth.
This motion introduces
friction, which creates
design considerations
different from those of static
seals. The O-ring may be
housed in a groove (rod
seal) in the cylinder wall
instead of a groove in the
piston surface (piston seal)
without any change in
design limitations or seal
performance.

2. OSCILLATING
Oscillating applications
are those seeing both
rotary and reciprocating
movement. A valve
spindle is an example
of an oscillating
application.

3. ROTARY
Rotary seals refer to
seals used in
applications that rotate.

B A S I C E L A S T O M E R S

According to the definition of the American
Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) for
the term "elastomer it is essential that:
An elastomer must not break when
stretched approximately 100%. After
being stretched 100%, held for 5 minutes
and then released, it must retract to
within 10% of its original length within 5
minutes after release.


Though "ELASTOMER" is
synonymous with "rubber", it is
more formally a polymer that can
be modified to a state exhibiting
little plastic flow and quick or
nearly complete recovery from an
extending force, and upon
immediate release of the stress,
will return to approximately its own
shape.

A COMPOUND is a mixture of
base polymer and other
chemicals which form a finished
rubber material. More precisely,
the term compound refers to a
specific blend of ingredients
tailored for particular
characteristics required to
optimize performance in some
specific service.

such as carbon black, colored pigments, curing or
vulcanizing agents, activators, plasticizers, accelerators,
anti-oxidants or anti radiation addiditives. There may be
hundreds of such combinations.
The following contains the nomenclature used for the
different elastomer types per ASTM D 1418 and ISO 1629
Acrylonitrile butadiene, Nitrile or Buna N (NBR)
Nitrile, chemically, is a
copolymer of butadiene and
acrylonitrile. Acrylonitrile
content varies in
commercial products from
18% to 50%. As the nitrile
content
increases, resistance to
petroleum base oils and
hydrocarbon fuels
increases, but low
temperature flexibility
decreases.
The table indicates the change of
properties as a function of
acrylonitrile content.
Description: Standard Nitrile is also known as Buna-N. Excellent resistance
to petroleum-based oils and fuels, water and alcohols. Nitrile also has good
resistance to acids and bases, except those with a strong oxidizing effect.
Limitations: Avoid highly polar solvents (Acetone, MEK, etc.) and direct
exposure to ozone and sunlight.
Chemistry: Copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile. By varying the
acrylonitrile content, elastomers with improved oil/fuel swell or with improved
low-temperature performance can be achieved. Specialty versions of
carboxylated high-acrylonitrile butadiene copolymers (XNBR) provide
improved abrasion resistance. And hydrogenated versions of these
copolymers (HNBR) provide improve chemical and ozone resistance
elastomers.
Trade Names: CHEMIGUM , HYCAR , PARACRIL , PERBUNAN
ASTM D1418 Designation: NBR, XNBR, HNBR
ASTM D2000/SAE J 200 Type, Class: BF, BG, BK, CH
Temperature Range: 55 to 120C (65 to 248F)
Typical Uses: Ion Implant, PVD

Compound#
Color
Hardness
Shore A
Tensile
Mpa (Psi)
Elongation %
22Hr C/S
@ 100C
Low Temp High Temp
B1000 Black 70 15.0 (2,150) 400 10
40C(
40F)
120C(248F)
* Buna-N is available in a wide range of Durometers and Colors,
as well as many compound variations designed to meet specific applications.
Ethylene propylene rubber is an
elastomer prepared from
ethylene and propylene
monomers (ethylene propylene
copolymer) and at times with an
amount of a third monomer
(ethylene propylene
terpolymers). Ethylene
propylene rubber has a
temperature range of -50C to
+120/150C (-60F to
+250/300F), depending on
the curing system.

Ethylene Propylene, and Ethylene Propylene Diene
rubber (EPM, EPDM)
Description: Excellent resistance to water, steam and polar solvents, as
well as ozone and sunlight. Also resistant to alcohols, glycol engine
coolants and SKY-DROL (phosphate ester hydraulic fluid).
Limitations: Avoid non-polar solvents, petroleum oils, and aromatic fuels.
Chemistry: Copolymer of ethylene and propylene, or terpolymer with
butadiene.
Trade Names: NORDEL , EPCAR , VISTALON
ASTM D1418 Designation: EPM, EPDM
ASTM D2000/SAE J 200 Type, Class: AA, BA, CA, DA
Temperature Range: 55 to 150C (67 to 302F)SC-FNGP Color
Hardness Tensile Elongation (%) hr C/S Low Temp. High Temp.

Compound#
Color
Hardness
Shore A
Tensile
Mpa (Psi)
Elongation %
70Hr C/S
@ 200C
Low Temp High Temp
E1000 Black 70 15.4 (2,230) 260 18
55C (
67F)
150C
(302F)
* EPDM is available in a wide range of Durometers and Colors,
as well as many compound variations designed to meet specific applications.
Silicones are a group of elastomeric
materials made from silicone, oxygen,
hydrogen, and carbon. Extreme
temperature range and low temperature
flexibility are characteristics of silicone
compounds. As a group, silicones have
poor tensile strength, tear resistance, and
abrasion resistance. Special compounds
have been developed with exceptional
heat and compression set resistance.
High strength compounds have
also been made, but their strength does
not compare to conventional rubber.
SILICONE RUBBER
Description: Excellent material for static service at extreme (hot or cold)
temperatures. Outstanding flex and fatigue life. Very good for ozone and UV
radiation service as well as for resistance to fungal and biological attack.
Limitations: Avoid chlorinated solvents, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and
petroleum oils. Silicones are generally very permeable to gases and have poor
physical strength and abrasion resistance.
Chemistry: Methyl disiloxane, with vinyl and/or phenylgroups.
Trade Names: SILASTIC , SILPLUS
ASTM D1418 Designation: MQ, PMQ, VMQ, PVMQ
ASTM D2000/SAE J 200 Type, Class: FC, FE, GE
Typical Uses: LPCVD/Oxidation, Dry Etch, Resist Stripping

Compound#
Color
Hardness
Shore A
Tensile
Mpa (Psi)
Elongation %
70Hr C/S
@ 150C
Low Temp High Temp
S1000 Orange 70 5.5 (815) 200 17 115C (175F) 200C (400F)
* Silicone is available in a wide range of Durometers and Colors

Compound
#
Colo
r
Hardnes
s
Shore A
Tensile
Mpa
(Psi)
Elongation
%
70Hr
C/S
@ 200C
Low Temp High Temp
S1015
Oran
ge
68 6.5 (940) 170 36
70C (
94F)
246C (500
High-Temperature Silicone (VMQ)
Standard Silicones (VMQ)
FLUOROSILICONE RUBBER
Description: Combines excellent low-temperature performance of silicone with
improved
chemical resistance. Very good resistance to military and aerospace fuels. Excellent
performance
in oxygen plasma environments.
Limitations: Avoid polar solvents, hydro-carbon fluids and phosphate ester brake
fluids.
Susceptible to hydrolysis by acids and bases. Limited abrasion resistance.
Chemistry: Methyl disiloxane with CF3 groups (Methyl-trifluoropropyl siloxane)
(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 ) SiO.
Trade Names: SILASTIC LS , FSE
ASTM D1418 Designation: FVMQ
ASTM D2000/SAE J 200 Type, Class: FK
Typical Uses: Dry Etch, Resist Stripping

Compou
nd #
Color
Hardness
Shore A
Tensile
Mpa (Psi)
Elongation %
70Hr C/S
@ 200C
Low Temp High Temp
F1006 Blue 40 7.6 (1,100) 410 20 60C (76F) 180C (356F)
F1003 Blue 60
F1001 Blue 70 7.5 (1,090) 230 15 60C (76F) 180C (356F)
F1002 Blue 75
F1004 Blue 80 6.8 (990) 177 11 60C (76F) 180C (356F)
VITON (A) COMPOUNDS
Description: Excellent resistance to petroleum products and solvents. Very good
high-temperature performance. Fluorocarbon elastomers make up the most widely
used seals in the semiconductor industry.
Limitations: Avoid polar solvents, amines, anhydrous ammonia, SKYDROL,
hydrazine and hot acids.
Chemistry: Copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, although
many more exotic versions exist for improved chemical resistance or low temperature
performance.
Trade Names: VITON, FLUOREL , TECHNOFLON , DAI-EL
ASTM D1418 Designation: FKM (FPM in Europe)
ASTM D2000/SAE J 200 Type, Class: HK
Typical Uses: Crystal Growth, Epitaxial Silicon, LPCVD/Oxidation, Coater/Developer,
CVD, Dry Etch, Wet Etch, Cleaning, Resist Stripping, Ion Implant, PVD

Compound#
Color
Hardnes
s
Shore A
Tensile
Mpa (Psi)
Elongation
%
22Hr C/S
@ 200C
Low Temp High Temp
V1000 Black 75
12.1
(1750)
210 10
25C
(13F)
200C
(392F)
*V1000 is our standard commercial Viton material.
*Additional compounds available for specific applications.

NON-BLACK VITON (A) COMPOUNDS
Description: Specific compounding ingredients can reduce or eliminate the
presence of carbon black. These compounds may provide improved
resistance to oxidative environments and reactive plasmas. The inorganic
pigments are not recommended for use in wet chemical environments as
they have been shown to increase the extractable ionic contamination.
Chemistry: The base chemistry for these compounds remains relatively
unchanged from the carbon-black-filled versions of these fluoroelastomers.
Most non-black fluoroelas-tomers are based on a copolymer fluoroelastomer
(vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene).

Compound
#
Color
Hardness
Shore A
Tensile
Mpa (Psi)
Elongation %
70Hr C/S
@ 200C
Low Temp High Temp
V1012 White 71
12.3
(1,780)
175 11 25C (13F) 200C (392F)
V1003
Brow
n
74
13.3
(1,930)
180 15 25C (13F) 200C (392F)
VITON ETP O-RINGS
Highly Fluorinated Fluoroelastomers (VITON ETP)
Description: Excellent resistance to most chemicals. The performance
of these products is greater than traditional fluoroelastomers.
Limitations: Contamination performance is somewhat less than
AEGIS Perfluoros. Avoid service in strong bases or amines.
Chemistry: These compounds may be terpolymers of fully fluorinated
monomers, a cure-site monomer or ethylene.
Trade Names: CV75, Chemtemp , Hifluor
ASTM D1418 Designation: None
ASTM D2000/SAE J 200 Type, Class: HK
Temperature Range: 20 to 200C ( 4 to 392F)
Typical Uses: Wet Etch, Dry Etch, CVD, Resist Stripping, Coater
Developer

Compound#
Color
Hardness
Shore A
Tensile
Mpa (Psi)
Elongation %
70Hr C/S
@ 200C
Low Temp High Temp
V1020 Black 78 17.9 (2,590) 145 17 20C(4F) 200C(392F)
VITON (GLT) O-RINGS

Description: Excellent resistance to most chemicals. Icreased low
temperature performance over Viton (A)

Compound#
Color
Hardness
Shore A
Tensile
Mpa (Psi)
Elongation
%
70Hr C/S
@ 200C
Low
Temp
High
Temp
Contact us Black 75
15.0
(2,180)
185 10
-35C
(-31F)
200C
(392F)

VITON (GFLT) O-RINGS
Description: Increased resistance to most chemicals and low temperature
performance over Viton (A)

Compound#
Colo
r
Hardness
Shore A
Tensile
Mpa (Psi)
Elongation
%
70Hr C/S
@ 200C
Low
Temp
High
Temp
Contact us Black 73
17.6
(2,550)
140 15
-35C
(-
31F)
200C
(392F)
VITON (B) O-RINGS
Description: Increased fluid resistance over Viton (A)

Compound#
Colo
r
Hardness
Shore A
Tensile
Mpa (Psi)
Elongation
%
70Hr C/S
@ 200C
Low
Temp
High
Temp
Contact us Black 75
13.6
(1,970)
240 13
-20C
(-4F)
200C
(392F)

VITON (F) O-RINGS
Description: Increased resistance to most chemicals over Viton (A)

Compound#
Color
Hardness
Shore A
Tensile
Mpa (Psi)
Elongation
%
70Hr C/S
@ 200C
Low
Temp
High
Temp
Contact us Black 79
15.7
(2,270)
230 29
-15C
(5F)
200C
(392F)
Aflas O-Rings
Description: Excellent resistance to acids, bases, water and amines. Widely
used in oil fields.
Limitations: Avoid polar solvents and aromatic fuels. Compression set
performance may
be too high for some applications.
Chemistry: Copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and propylene.
Trade Names: AFLAS , FLUORAZ
A unique fluoroelastomer based on a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE)
and propylene (P) was developed by Asahi Glass (J apan) and sold under the
AFLAS trade name. TFE/P polymers exhibit improved chemical resistance to
base and amine chemical environments compared to traditional FKM
polymers.
Typical Uses: Oil Fields, Coater/Developer, Resist Stripping, CMP, Cleaning
y

ISC CPD Color
Hardness
Shore A
Tensi
le
Psi
Elongation
%
70Hr
C/S
@ 200C
Low Temp High Temp
L1000 Black 82 1,990 180 40 10C(14F) 195C(392F)
Commercial grade all purpose Alfas.
L1001 Black 92 3,330 115 33 10C(14F) 235C(437F)
High Performance Alfas compound specifically designed for the "down hole"
oil drilling industry and used in many other demanding applications.

Industrial Grade Chemraz O-Ring and Seal Compound Listing

Compoun
d
Designat
or
Hardness
(Shore A)
Compoun
d
Color
Temperat
ure
Range
(F)
Tensile
Strength
(PSI)
Modulus
@ 50%
(PSI)
Modulus
@ 100%
(PSI)
Elongatio
n
%
Compres
sion Set
(70 hours
at 400F)
505
75 Black -20 to 425 1750 450 1150 140 25
A field proven universal compound having a broader range of chemical resistance than any other single
compound on the market. Chemraz 505 is the elastomer of choice used to seal better than 90% of the most
demanding services found in the chemical process and refining industries.
615
80 Black 0 to 615 1830 360 1090 135 16
The highest temperature perfluoroelastomer on the market. Chemraz 615 can handle continuous operating
temperatures up to 615F with outstanding resistance to fatal thermal related compression set.
605
80 Black 0 to 500 2150 420 1310 130 20
A high temperature compound with superior physical properties and chemical resistance comparable to
Chemraz 505. This compound excels in demanding dynamic applications and exhibits unparalleled
performance in high temperature steam and water. Chemraz 605: Recently received USP Class VI
Certification

526
95 Black
0 to
500
2580 100 30
This specialty black compound was formulated for incredible resistance
to explosive decompression damage common in high pressure gas
services. Chemraz 526 is also used in monomer services where
polymerization attacks and ruptures common elastomeric seals.
584
70 Cream
-22 to
428
1300 350 780 145 35
This specialty cream Chermaz compounds are formulated to withstand
the most demanding chemical process applications. Chemraz 584
and 585 are the elastomers of choice for strong oxidation fluids and
hot aqueous solutions.
Compou
nd
Designat
or
Hardnes
s
(Shore
A)
Compou
nd
Color
Tempera
ture
Range
(F)
Tensile
Strength
(PSI)
Modulus
@ 50%
(PSI)
Modulus
@ 100%
(PSI)
Elongati
on
%
Compres
sion Set
(70
hours at
400F)
585
80 Cream
-22 to
428
1550 625 1240 130 35
This specialty cream Chermaz compounds are formulated to withstand the
most demanding chemical process applications. Chemraz 584 and 585
are the elastomers of choice for strong oxidation and hot aqueous
fluids.
514
70 White
-20 to
425
1460 300 680 190 25
The white industrial compounds are for applications where contamination
from carbon black must be prevented.
Not for use in acids, aldehides, ethylene oxide, or propylene oxide.
517
80 White
-20 to
425
1600 540 1050 165 25
The white industrial compounds are for applications where contamination
from carbon black must be prevented.
Not for use in acids, aldehides, ethylene oxide, or propylene oxide.
Compou
nd
Designat
or
Hardnes
s
(Shore
A)
Compou
nd
Color
Tempera
ture
Range
(F)
Tensile
Strength
(PSI)
Modulus
@ 50%
(PSI)
Modulus
@ 100%
(PSI)
Elongati
on
%
Compres
sion Set
(70
hours at
400F)
Kalrez Industrial O-Ring Compounds
Kalrez 7075
A new compound with enhanced physical performance properties including
very low compression set (15% O-rings per ASTM D 395B) and improved seal
force retention. It is a carbon black filled compound utilizing new and proprietary
cure chemistry technology with mechanical properties designed for improving
sealing performance in both high temperature environments and temperature
cycling situations. 7075 joins the family of Kalrez Spectrum products
designed for the chemical processing industry. To provide even greater sealing
performance in dynamic applications where low friction is required, 7075 O-
rings have a glossier finish than other Kalrez parts. 7075 was specifically
developed to be used as an O-ring or custom-sealing component in the
chemical and hydrocarbon industries, with an improved thermal resistance that
extends maximum service temperature to 327C (620F). Kalrez Spectrum
7075 offers the enhanced elastomeric properties outlined above while
providing a chemical resistance better than the industry standard set by Kalrez
4079
Kalrez 4079
A low compression set compound for general-purpose use in O-rings, diaphragms,
seals, and other parts used in the process and aircraft industries. It is a carbon
black-filled compound with excellent chemical resistance, good mechanical
properties, and outstanding hot air aging properties. It exhibits low swell in organic
an inorganic acids and aldehydes and has good response to temperature cycling
effects. A maximum operating temperature of 316C (600F) is recommended, with
short excursions to higher temperatures possible. This compound is not
recommended for use in hot water/steam applications or in contact with certain hot
aliphatic amines, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.

Kalrez 6375
A carbon black-filled compound for general use in O-rings, seals, diaphragms and
other specialty parts specifically for the chemical process industry. This compound
has excellent, broad chemical resistance, good mechanical properties, and
outstanding hot-air aging properties. 6375 is well suited for mixed process streams
because of its excellent resistance to acids, bases, and amines. In addition, it is the
suggested compound for use in hot water steam, ethylene oxide and propylene
oxide. A maximum service temperature of 275C (525F) is recommended.
Kalrez 1050LF
A general-purpose compound for O-rings, seals, and other parts used in chemical
process industries. It has good hot water/steam, excellent amine resistance, and
enhanced compression set properties. Maximum recommended service
temperature of 288C (550F). Not recommended for use in organic or inorganic
acids at high temperatures.
Kalrez 1058
A carbon black-filled compound that has been plasticized with a perfluorinated
oil. It is the softest, lowest modulus compound available. Generally, it is similar in
chemical resistance to Compound 1050LF; it has an upper service temperature of
260C (500F). Typically used in applications that require how sealing force or high
extensibility including liquid chromatography septa, seals/seats for relief valves and
tubing. Its shrinkage is greater than other Kalrez compounds; therefore, finished
parts may differ from standard specifications.
Kalrez 3018
A carbon black-filled compound similar to Compound 1050LF, except for higher
hardness/modulus. This compound offers the best hot water/steam resistance and
the best high pressure extrusion resistance. Generally used in oil field and process
industry applications where these properties coupled with good amine and general
chemical resistance are required. A maximum service temperature of 220C
(428F) is recommended.
Kalrez 2035
A carbon black-filled compound that is well suited for selected applications in the
finishings equipment, pharmaceutical, semiconductor, and chemical transportation
markets. Compound 2035 has excellent chemical resistance exhibiting low swell in
organic acids, inorganic acids, esters, ketones, and aldehydes. This compound is
suggested for use in the ethylene oxide and propylene oxide applications. It also offers
good mechanical properties. A maximum service temperature of 220C (428F) is
recommended.
Kalrez 2037
A non-black-filled compound that is well suited for selected applications in the
pharmaceutical, semiconductor, and other markets that demand high purity
elastomers. Compound 2037 has excellent chemical resistance exhibiting low swell in
organic acids, inorganic acids, esters, ketones, and aldehydes. It also offers good
mechanical properties. A maximum service temperature of 218C (425F) is
recommended.
Miscellaneous Kalrez Properties
Many miscellaneous properties are of interest for specific applications. Some of
these are unaffected by compound choice, while others vary with hardness or
extensibility. As an example, coefficient of friction typically increases as hardness
decreases. In general, miscellaneous physical properties are similar to those of
Viton fluoroelastomer.
Typical Phisical Properties FOR KALREZ*

Kalrez Compound
7075 4079 6375
1050
LF
105
8
3018 2035 2037
Durometer Hardness,
Shore A, points 5
(ASTM D2240)
75 75 75 82 65 91 85 79
100% Modulus, psi/MPa
(ASTM D412, 500 mm/mm (20in/mm))
1100
/7.6
1050
/7.2
1050
/ 7.2
1800
/12.4
675/
4.7
2450/
16.9
1250/
8.6
900/
6.2
Tensile Strength at Break,
psi/MPa
2600
/17.9
2450
/16.9
2200
/15.1
2700
/18.6
130
0/9.
0
3150/
21.7
2500/
17.2
2450
/16.9
Elongation at Break, %
160 150 160 125 180 125 150 200
Compression Set,
% at 70 hrs at 204C
(400F)
(ASTM D395B, pellets)
12 25 30 35 40 35 25 27
Brittle Point, C / F
(ASTM D746)

-50 /
-58

-41/ -
42
-40 /
-40
-37 /
-35
-54 / -
65
-54 /
-65

Simriz O-Rings

Simriz Compound: SZ481
SZ481 is a 70-durometer, black, low-compression set, high-strength
perfluoroelastomer. The operating temperature range is from -10C to 230C (-14F
to 446F). Typical application environments are aggressive acids, bases and
solvents. SZ481 is also suited for many non-oxidizing dry process
chemistries. SZ481 can be used in place of Kalrez compound 6375 when
temperature are bellow 230C.

SZ484 is a FDA compliant, 75-durometer, black, low-compression set, high-strength
to 446F). Typical application environments are aggressive acids and bases.

Simriz Compound: SZ485 (Standard material for best $ and availability)
SZ485 is a 75-durometer, black, low-compression set, high-strength
to 446F). Typical application environments are aggressive acids, bases, solvents,
and steam. SZ485 is also suited for many non-oxidizing dry process
chemistries. SZ485 can be used in place of Kalrez compound 6375 when
temperature are bellow 230C.
SZ486 is A 80 -durometer, white low-compression set, high strength
perfluoroelastomer. The operating temperature range is from -10C to 230C (-14F to
446F). Typical application environments for SZ486 seals are aggressive dry process
chemistries, including reactive plasmas.

SZ487 is a 75-durometer, black, high temperature perfluoroelastomer. The operating
temperature range is from -10C to 300C (-14F to 572F). Typical application
environments are aggressive acids, bases and solvents. SZ487 can be used in place
of Kalrez compound 4079. Used in dry, high heat below 300C.

SZ488 is a 70-durometer, ivory, high temperature perfluoroelastomer. The operating
temperature range is from -10C to 300C (-14F to 572F). Typical application
environments for SZ488 seals are aggressive dry process chemistries, including
reactive plasmas
.
SZ489 is a 65-durometer, clear, clean perfluoroelastomer. The operating temperature
range is from -10C to 260C (-14F to 500F). Typical application environments
forSZ489 seals are aggressive dry process chemistries, including reactive plasmas,
as well as aggressive acids, bases and solvents.

PHSYCAL PROPERTIES OF SIMRIZ
Urethane O-Rings

CPD# P1001
Urethane O-Ring

High Performance Urethane O-Ring for heavy duty
applications. 90D material with outstanding wear and
tear resistance, very low compression set ensuring
maximum service life.Due to exceptional material
strenghts, O-Rings do not require Back-Up Rings when
operating at high temperatures and / or pressures.
Pressu
re:
10000
PSI
Max.
Temp:
230
F

CPD# P1000
Urethane O-Ring

High Performance Urethane O-Ring. 70D material with
outstanding wear and tear resistance, very low
compression set ensuring maximum service life. Due to
exceptional material strenghts, O-Rings do not require
Back-Up Rings when operating at high temperatures and /
or pressures.
Pressu
re:
3000
PSI
Max.
Temp:
220
F

Material Recomended Use
Not Recomended
For
Mechanical
Properties
Buna-N (Nitrile)

Standard: 70
Durometer Black
Temperature Range:
-35F to 250F
Least Expensive /
Readily Available
Silicone Greases / Oils
Water
Petroleum Oils /
Fuels
Ethylene Glycol
Fluids
Keytones (MEK)
Halogenated
Hydrocarbons
Auto / Aircraft Brake
Fluids
Strong Acids
Sunlight,
Ozone, Weathering
Good Wear Resistance
Good Compression
Set Resistance
Good Short-Term
Resilience
Good Permeation
Resistance
Viton (Fluorocarbon Type A)
Standard: 75
Durometer Black
Temperature Range:
-15F to 400F

Vacuum
Most Acids /
Chemicals
Halogenated
Hydrocarbons
Di-Ester Lubricants
Petroleum Oils /
Fuels
Silicone Oils /
Greases
Keytones (MEK)
Fluids
Amines (Ammonia)
Acetone, Skydrol,
Ethyl Accetate
Hot Water and Steam
Low Molecular Esters
and Ethers
Good Wear
Resistance
Excellent Comp.
Set Resistance
Moderate Short-Term
Resilience
Excellent Permeation
Resistance
Silicone
Standard: 70
Durometer
Orange
Temperature
Range: -65F to
450F
Dry Heat
Wide Temperature
Range
Sunlight,
Ozone, Weatherin
g
Odorless and
Non-Toxic
Keytones (MEK)
Acids
Silicone Oils
Brake Fluids
Poor Wear
Resistance
Excellent Comp.
Set Resistance
Poor Short-Term
Resilience
Excellent
Permeation
Resistance

EPDM
(Ethylene
Propylene)
Standard: 70
Durometer Black
Temperature
Range: -60F to
250F
Sunlight, Ozone,
Weathering
Hot Water and
Steam
Auto / Aircraft
Brake Fluids
Some Acids ans
Bases
Keytones ans
Alcohols
Plumbing
Petroleum Oils
Fuels
Good Wear
Resistance
Good Comp. Set
Resistance
Moderate Short-
Term Resilience
Good Permeation
Resistance
Material Recomended Use
Not Recomended
For
Mechanical
Properties
Chemraz /
Kalrez /
Simriz

(Perfluoroelastomer)
Various Compounds
Designed for
Specific Applications
Temperature Range:
-10F to 615F

High Temperature
Resistance
Excellent Chemical
Resistance
Low Out Gassing
Chlorine Wet/Dry
Petroleum Oil
Chlorinated
Hydrocarbons
Molten metals
Gaseous Alkali
Metals
Halogenated
Freons/Fluids
Uranium
Hexafluoride
Good Wear
Resistance
Good Comp. Set
Resistance
Moderate Short-
Term Resilience
Good Permeation
Resistance
Material
Recomended
Use
Not
Recomended
For
Mechanical
Properties
Neoprene (Chloroprene)
Standard: 70
Durometer Black
Temperature
Range: -35F to
250F
Refrigerants (Freon)
Ammonia
Some Petrolium
Oils
Dilute Acids
Silicone ester
Lubricants
Keytones
(MEK)
Gasoline
Fluids
Good Wear
Resistance
Moderate Comp.
Set Resistance
Moderate Short-
Term Resilience
Good Permeation
Resistance
Urethane
Standard: 90
Durometer
Translucent
Temperature
Range: -65F to
200F
Drive Belts
Some Petroleum
Oils
Some Hydrocarbon
Fuels
Oxygen / Ozone
Keytones (MEK)
Acids
Fluids
Chlorinated
Hydrocarbons
Water
Excelent Wear
Resistance
Poor Comp. Set
Resistance
Excelent Short-
Term Resilience

Material
Recomended
Use
Not
Recomended For
Mechanical
Properties
Fluorosilicone
Standard: 70
Durometer Blue
Temperature Range:
-80F to 450F
Jet Fuel
Dry Heat
Wide Temperature
Range
Some Petroleum Oils
Clorinated Solvents
Keytones (MEK)
Phosphate Esters
Some Acids
Fluids
Amines (Ammonia)
Poor Wear
Resistance
ModerateComp. Set
Resistance
Moderate Short-Term
Resilience
Poor Permeation
Resistance
Teflon
Encapsulated
O-Ring Covered with
Teflon Tube
Usually Silicone or
Viton
Depends on O-Ring
Core
Chemical Resistance
Heat Resistance
Depends on O-Ring
Core
Good Wear
Resistance
Good Short-Term
Resilience
Good Permeation
Resistance
Teflon
Standard: Non-Elastic
White
Temperature Range:
-250F to 450F
Chemical Resistance
Fuel Resistance
Low Coefficient of
Friction
Non-Elastic

Good Wear
Resistance
Low Coefficient of
Friction
Material
Recomended
Use
Not
Recomended
For
Mechanical
Properties
BASIC PROPERTIES FOR ELASTOMERS
Fluid Compatibility by Elastomer

Service Temperatures of Popular Elastomers
High Temperature
The high-temperature limit is generally considered a 3050% loss of physical
properties and typically represents a maximum temperature for 1,000 hours
continuous service. It represents an irreversible change in the backbone or cross-
link network.
The effect of high temperature can be compounded by the interaction with the
chemical media. Chemical reactions typically double with a 10C increase in
temperature.
Low Temperature
The low-temperature limit is generally 15F below TR-10 for static seals. For
dynamic seals the TR-10 is more relevant. The TR-10 is the temperature at
which an elastomer is able to retract 10%.
Low-temperature performance is generally a reversible process.
For design purposes compression is generally increased. The chemical
media may cause swelling which may act as a plasticizer and lower the
service temperature.
Basic O-Ring Materials vs. Common Application Environments
1 = Recommended 2 = Satisfactory 3 = Poor 4 = Marginal 5 = Not Recommended
Material

(Click the
Material for
Detailed
Specs)

Marco
Compound
Number
Buna-N (NBR)
A 250 -35 5 5 4 4 2 2 2 4 1 3 5 2 5 4 2 A A
B1000
Viton
D 400 -15 3 5 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 4 3 2 2 1 A N/A
V1000
Viton (ETP)
F 400 -5 2 4 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 N/A N/A
V1020
Silicone
D 400 -80 4 5 1 1 1 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 A N/A
S1000
EPDM (P.C.)
C 300 -65 1 5 1 1 2 2 2 2 5 5 1 3 5 5 1 A A
E1000
EPDM (S.C.)
B 250 -65 2 5 1 1 2 2 2 2 5 5 3 3 5 5 1 A A
E1005
Kalrez
H 600 0 1 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 N/A N/A
K####
Simriz (formerly
Aegis)
G 600 0 1 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 N/A N/A
Z####
Chemraz
H 615 0 1 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 N/A N/A
C###
Aflas
E 437 -10 2 4 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 5 2 3 2 3 1 N/A N/A
L1000

1 = Recommended 2 = Satisfactory 3 = Poor 4 = Marginal 5 = Not Recommended
Material

(Click the
Material for
Detailed
Specs)

Marco
Compound
Number
Teflon (Virgin)
D 450 -250 5 5 1 1 5 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 N/A N/A
T1000
FEP (Teflon)
Encapsulated
O-Rings)
E 300 -10 5 5 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 N/A N/A
T1002
PFA (Teflon)
Encapsulated
Stainless Steel
Spring)
J 500 -420 5 5 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 N/A N/A
Special
Fluorosilicone
D 350 -75 5 5 1 1 3 4 4 3 3 1 3 3 2 2 3 N/A N/A
F1001
Urethane
C 225 -65 5 5 1 1 4 1 1 5 2 3 5 5 5 5 1 N/A N/A
P1001
HNBR
C 325 -40 5 5 2 2 2 2 2 4 1 5 5 5 1 1 2 N/A N/A
R1000
Polyacrylate
C 350 -20 5 5 3 3 3 3 1 5 4 5 5 1 1 5 2 N/A N/A
Special
Neoprene
C 225 -40 5 5 2 2 3 2 2 5 2 5 5 3 3 2 1 N/A N/A
N1000
Butyl
C 200 -65 5 5 1 2 3 2 1 2 4 5 5 5 5 5 2 N/A N/A
Y1000
Hypalon
C 200 -40 5 5 1 2 3 2 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 2 2 N/A N/A
H1000
TEMPERATURE RANGE FOR O-RING
Elastomer Selection Diagram

The six elastomers with superior oil resistance are found in the top half of the diagram.
Elastomers used mainly in nonhydrocarbon applications are found in the bottom half of the
diagram. Fluoro- carbon and nitrile are repeated because they are also widely used with
nonhydrocarbons.

Relative Prices of Popular Elastomers

This chart shows the prices of Parco O-rings made of the most
popular compound of each elastomer and is intended to provide
a rough estimate of relative price. These prices are based on a
comparison of 30 popular sizes of O-rings for each compound.

O-RING LUBRICATION
VARIOUS MANUFACTURERS'
REFERENCE NUMBERS
The following chart is a
general reference to assist in
identifying comparable rubber
O-Ring compounds between
various manufacturers'
reference numbers. In most
cases, Metro's O-Rings will
perform as well or better than
the comparable competitors,
but the user should verify their
suitability for any particular
application by checking the
Properties Charts and/or
testing.
Description
Buna-N (Nitrile Rubber)
Metro Parker Precision National Parco Acushnet Minnesota
General Purpose / 40 Durometer BN-40 GP N545-40 7184 B62-40
2159-
40
415H
General Purpose / 50 Durometer BN-50 GP N299-50 7185 C24-50
2159-
50

* FDA Listed Formula / 50 Durometer BN-50 FDA 228-50 H14439
General Purpose / 60 Durometer BN-60 GP N525-60 7506 C20-60
2110-
60
H14136
* FDA Listed Formula / 60 Durometer BN-60 FDA N738-65 7076 D26-60 228-60
General Purpose / 70 Durometer BN-70 GP N674-70 7507 B46-70
4200-
70
H14327 366Y
*FDA Listed Formula / 70 Durometer BN-70 FDA N508-75 7077 C22-70
2068-
70
H14100
Oil, SAE 120 R1, Class 1, 70 Durometer BN-70 OS N674-70 7507 B46-70
4200-
70
H14327
Fuel, SAE 120 R1, Class 2, 70 Durometer BN-70 ACR N497-70 8307 C9-70 488-70 H14126
Used With Plastics / 70 Durometer BN-70 ABS 8187 C56-70
4456-
70

General Purpose / 80 Durometer BN-80 GP N368-80 C97-80
High Pressure Sealing / 90 Durometer BN-90 HP N552-90 7509 C90-90
4177-
90
H144339
Description
EPDM / Ethylene Propylene Rubber
General Purpose / 50 Durometer EP-50 GP
5601-
50

Low Compression Set / 50 Durometer EP-50 LCS E1100-50
5657-
50

General Purpose / 60 Durometer EP-60 GP E66-60
5601-
60
E17005 560CD
Low Compression Set / 60 Durometer EP-60 LCS E529-60
5657-
60

General Purpose / 70 Durometer / Black EP-70 GP E603-70 3957
5601-
70
E17016 559N
Low Compression Set / 70 Durometer EP-70 LCS 3187 E50-70
5709-
70
E17047
*FDA Listed Formula / 70 Durometer EP-70 FDA E1028-70 3077 E14-70
5601-
70
E17173
Used With Plastics / 70 Durometer EP-70 ABS
General Purpose / 75 Durometer / Purple EP-75 GP E893-80 E24-70
5763-
70

General Purpose / 80 Durometer EP-80 GP
Low Compression Set / 80 Durometer EP-80 LCS E540-80 3958 E59-80
5611-
80
E17018 560VH
Description
Silicone / Dow Corning Raw Materials
AMS 3301 / FDA / 40 Durometer SL-40 FDA S1198-40 11354 S71-40
1235-
40
71104
1235-
50
71415
1235-
60
L13388 71416
AMS 3304 & 3307 / FDA RED/ 70 Duro SL-70R FDA S604-70 11357 S5970
1235-
70
L13402 71417
*FDA Listed / White / 70 Durometer SL70W FDA S1138-70 11077 S93-70
1552-
70
L13402
General Purpose / White / 70 Durometer SL-70W GP S821-70 11627
1528-
70

General Purpose / Yellow / 70 Durometer SL-70Y GP S1199-70 11767 S98-70
1535-
70
L12398
General Purpose / Black / 70 Durometer SL-70B GP S91-70
1210-
70

1235-
80
L13199 71418
Description
Viton
/ Dupont Raw Materials

General Purpose / Black / 60 Durometer VT-60 GP V769-60 19356
9009-
60
F13601 514S
MIL-R-83248/1, AMS 7280, Black/ 75 Duro VT-75 BL V747-75 19357 V14-75
9009-
75
F13664 514AD
General Purpose / Brown/ 75 Durometer VT-75 BR V884-75 16207 V35-75
9005-
75
F13327
General Purpose / Green / 75 Durometer VT-75 GR V1132-75 19457 V37-75
9067-
75
F13325
*FDA Listed Formula / Black / 75 Duro VT-75FDA1
9040-
70

*FDA Listed Formula / Brown / 75 Duro VT-75FDA2
MIL-R-83248/2, AMS 7279, Black/90 Duro VT-90GPBL V709-90 19359 V23-90
9009-
90
F13681 514J
High Pressure Sealing / Brown / 90 Duro VT-90GPBR V894-90 16209 V9-90
9006-
90

O-RING FAILURE ANALYSIS
Prevention of seal failures
through proper design
One major factor in
possible seal failure is the
extreme and harsh
environment in which
seals are expected to
perform
The seal application can
provide information about
the cause of failure:
O-RING FAILURE
From the end-users point of view,
a seal can fail in three (3) general
ways:
Leaking
Contamination
Change in Appearance
O-RING FAILURE
O-RING FAILURE
COMMON SEAL FAILURES

Description:
Loose particles and scrapes may be
found on the seal surface
Contributing Factors:
Rough sealing surfaces. Excessive
temperature. Process environment
containing abrasive particles. Dynamic
motion. Poor elastomer surface finish
Suggested Solutions:
Use recommended gland surface
finishes. Consider internally lubed
Elastomers. Eliminate abrasive
components.
Description:
The seal exhibits a flat-sided cross-
section, the flat sides correspoding to
the mating seal surfaces.
Excessive compression.
Excessive temperature.
Incompletely cured elastomer.
Elastomer with high compression
set. Excessive volume swell in
chemical.
Low compression set elastomer.
Proper gland design for the
specific elastomer. Confirm
material compatibility. .
Description:
The seal may exhibit many signs of
degradation including blisters, cracks,
voids or discoloration. In some cases,
the degradation is observable only by
measurement of physical properties.
Contributing Factors: Incompatibility
with the chemical and/or thermal
environment.
Selection of more chemically resistant
elastomer.
Description:
The seal exhibits blisters, pits or pocks
on its surface. Absorption of gas at
high pressure and the subsequent
rapid decrease in pressure. The
absorbed gas blisters and ruptures the
elastomer surface as the pressure is
rapidly removed.
Rapid pressure changes. Low-
modulus/hardness elastomer.
Higher-modulus/hardness elastomer.
Slower decompression (release of
pressure). .
Description:
The seal develops ragged edges
(generally on the low-pressure side)
which appear tattered.
Excessive clearances. Excessive
pressure. Low-modulus/hardness
elastomer. Excessive gland fill.
Irregular clearance gaps. Sharp gland
edges. Improper sizing.
Decrease clearances. Higher-
modulus/hard-ness elastomer. Proper
gland design. Use of polymer backup
rings.
Description:
The seal or parts of the seal may
exhibit small cuts, nicks or gashes.
Sharp edges on glands or
components. Improper sizing of
elastomer. Low-modulus/hardness
elastomer. Elastomer surface
contamination.
Remove all sharp edges. Proper gland
design. Proper elastomer sizing.
Higher-modulus/hardness elastomer.
Description:
This failure is often very difficult to
detect from examination of the seal.
The seal may exhibit a decrease in
cross-sectional size
Improper or improperly cured
elastomer. High vacuum levels. Low
hardness/plasticized elastomer.
Avoid plasticized elastomers. Ensure
all seals are properly post-cured to
minimize outgassing.
Description:
The seal exhibits parallel flat surfaces
(corresponding to the contact areas)
and may develop circumferential splits
within the flattened surfaces
Improper designfailure to account
for thermal or chemical volume
changes, or excessive compression. .
Gland design should take into account
material responses to chemical and
thermal environments. .
Description:
The seal often exhibits discoloration,
as well as powdered residue on the
surface and possible erosion of
elastomer in the exposed areas.
Chemical reactivity of the plasma. Ion
bombardment (sputtering). Electron
bombardment (heating). Improper
gland design. Incompatible seal
material.
Plasma-compatible elastomer and
compound. Minimize exposed area.
Examine gland design. . .
Description:
The seal exhibits cuts or marks which
spiral around its circumference .
Difficult or tight installation (static).
Slow reciprocating speed. Low-
modulus/hardness Elastomers.
Irregular O-ring surface finish
(including excessive parting line).
Excessive gland width. Irregular or
rough gland surface finish. Inadequate
lubrication. .
Correct installation procedures.
Higher-modulus Elastomers. Internally-
lubed Elastomers. Proper gland
design. Gland surface finish of 816
micro inch RMS. Possible use of
polymer backup rings.
Description:
The seal may exhibit radial cracks
located on the highest temperature
surfaces. In addition, certain
Elastomers may exhibit signs of
softeninga shiny surface as a result
of excessive temperatures.
Elastomers thermal properties.
Excessive temperature excursions or
cycling.
Selection of an elastomer with
improved thermal stability. Evaluation
of the possibility of cooling sealing
surfaces.

Standard O-Ring Kit

Standard O-Ring Kit
Contents:
AS568A- QTY AS568A- QTY
006 20 211 10
007 20 212 10
008 20 213 10
009 20 214 10
010 20 215 10
011 20 216 10
012 20 217 10
110 13 218 10
111 13 219 10
112 13 220 10
113 13 221 10
114 13 222 10
115 13 325 7
116 13 326 7
210 10 327 7
Total: 30 Sizes 382 Pieces
National O-Ring Sizing Guage

The Guage Measures AS568A Standard Sized O-rings:
-001 through -050 O-Rings

The cone and tape are sold as a set.

The Cone Measures AS568A Standard Sized O-rings:
The Tape Measures AS568A Standard Sized O-rings:

O-Rings: The Worlds Most Popular and Verstile Seal

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O-RINGS

THE WORLDS MOST

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