Capacity of Frequency-selective channel

Presented By:
MUHAMMED ASHRAF N
ROLL NO: 11
M2 CESP
Transformation to a parallel channel
Consider a time-invariant L-tap frequency-selective AWGN channel


=

1
=0
x ml +w[m]

with an average power constraint P on each input symbol
Parallel Channel
A channel which consists of a set of noninterfering sub-channels, each
of which is corrupted by independent noise, is called a parallel
channel.
The frequency-selective channel can be converted in to Nc
independent sub-carriers by adding a cyclic prefix of length L1 to a
data vector of length Nc.
Suppose this operation is repeated over blocks of data symbols (of
length Nc each, along with the corresponding cyclic prefix of length
L1).
A coded OFDM system. Information bits are coded and then sent over the frequency-selective channel via
OFDM modulation. Each channel use corresponds to an OFDM block
Then communication over the ith OFDM block can be written as

; n=0,1,.,

1
Here,

are the DFTs of the input, the noise and the output of the ith OFDM block respectively.
And h is the DFT of channel response
The transformed channel here is a parallel AWGN channel, with a total
power constraint across the sub-channels.
We allocate power to each sub-channel, Pn to the nth sub-channel,
such that the total power constraint is met.
Then, a separate capacity-achieving AWGN code is used to
communicate over each of the subchannels.
The maximum rate of reliable communication using this scheme is




A natural strategy for reliable communication over a parallel AWGN
channel is as shown:
The power allocation can be chosen appropriately, so as to maximize
the rate. The optimal power allocation, thus, is the solution to the
optimization problem:

Waterfilling power allocation
Powers optimization problem can be solved by Lagrangian methods.
Consider the Lagrangian





where is the Lagrange multiplier
The KuhnTucker condition for the optimality of a power allocation is



------------..[1]
Define
+
= max[x,0]. The power allocation



satisfies the conditions in [1] and is therefore optimal, with the
Lagrange multiplier chosen such that the power constraint is met:






We have,


DTFT evaluated at f=

As Nc increases frequency width w/Nc of the subcarriers goes to zero and they represent finer and finer
smpling of the continuous spectrum.


So, the optimal power allocation converges to
With Nc subcarriers, the largest reliable communication rate with
independed coding is CNc bits per OFDM symbol Or CNc/Nc
bits/s/Hz
As Nc tends to infinity,


Waterfilling power allocation over the frequency spectrum of the two-tap channel (high-pass
filter):
h[0] = 1 and h[1 ]= 0.5
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