Mud

Architecture..
Azizur khan
Nikhil mehta
Kashif manna
Introduction...
Mud has been the most essential of building
materials since the dawn of the man.
Approximately 58% of all buildings in India are
mud brick and a growing construction boom in
India.
Mud is a building material which has already
being tested and tried for thousands of years.
It is used in modern day construction and the
method of using it is very different.
introduction
Mud has its own limitations which can be
overcome.
The main advantage of mud is we do not
need lot of energy to manufacture it unlike
brick, cement, steel, concrete, etc.
Mud construction is mainly found in places
which are relatively dry and have mud in
abundance.

introduction
The mud house uses minimal energy, is comfortable
year round.
The mud house construction uses only simple natural
materials, which are any digging soil from the earth
mixed with water and added up with paddy or hay or
any dried fiber or even recycling garbage.
Mud house construction is durable and can be easily
recycled .
Mud construction also provide air conditioning system
which provide cool air from the massive walls.
Various construction methods are:

COB: COB is good for anything except height. It is
particularly good for curved or round walls.
PISE OR RAMMED EARTH : PISE OR RAMMED
EARTH is strong and ideal for solid, squat, single storey
houses.
ADOBE: ADOBE or SUN DRIED BRICKS can easily
cope with two storey houses.
PRESSED BRICKS: PRESSED BRICKS smooth and
very strong and can build three storey.
WATTLE & DAUB METHOD: WATTLE & DAUB is
elegant and fine for Seismic Zones.
COB..

A very stiff mud is prepared by mixing mud and water in the
proportion of 1:3 and it is moulded into huge elongated egg shape.

The elongated egg shape mud is 12 to 18-inches, (30 to 40-cm) long
and about 6-inches (15-cm) in diameter.

For making a wall ,a row of cob is placed in proper line and is pressed
to avoid gaps n crack.

In this way two to three layers of cobs are placed one above the other
and the sides are smoothed to avoid cracks n gap.

For making openings of door wooden frame or kerosene tins are used
to make the openings.


COB..

This is a method in which the strength of the wall can be
increased by increasing the thickness of the wall.
Two parallel planks are held firmly apart by metal rods
and clips or bolts, or by small crosspieces of wood.
Stiff mud is thrown in between these two planks and
rammed down with either a wooden or metal ramrod.
When one section is completed and hard, the two planks
are then raised up and a second course of rammed earth
is repeated over the first.



Blocks are kept covered with air tight polythene sheets for
first 48 hrs with relative humidity up to 100.
Polythene sheets shall be removed after 48 hrs and the
blocks shall be kept in shaded area like having enough air
circulation.
Sprinkle water over blocks daily, as many times needed,
during 28 days.
Write date of production on block corner.
Cover stacks top with coconut leaves or any other cover to
avoid direct sunlight.
Principle is that blocks shall not dry for 4weeks.

Wattle and daub method is an old and common
method of building mud structures.
Bamboo and cane frame structure that supports
the roof.
Mud is plastered over this mesh of bamboo cane
and straws
Due to excessive rainfall the Wattle and Daub
structures gets washed off.
However, the mesh of cane or split bamboo
remains intact and after the heavy rain is over the
mud is plastered on again.
Taos Pueblo (New Mexico) Arg-e bam (southeastern Iran,)
Examples of mud construction
Examples of mud construction

Djinguereber Mosque (West Africa.) West Africa (Uzbekistan)
Examples of mud onstruction

Chan Chan (Moche Valley of Peru)
Bobo Dioulasso Grand Mosque
Examples of mud construction


Shibam (Yemen) Siwa oasis (western egypt)
AdvAntAges of Mud
Environmental impact
To save natural resources.
Using neither cement nor rock (Save our mountains.
To save building materials
Main materials are soil and water, mixed to be mud, if the
mud is too sticky, we can add up with paddy husky or rice
straw or local fiber weed or bamboo.
Energy use
To save energy
Cool in summer (Inside building temperature is about 24c to
26c
AdvAntAges
Warm in Winter (Automatic control temperature
by passive cooling system)
Capital Expenditure
To save money .
No air conditioning, no electricity bills.
disAdvAntAge
Humidity
Humidity is the crucial factor, mud-house
will easily be fungus.
Foul odour
The brand- new mud-house may have foul
odor of crushed green leaves
Conclusion:

Mud house construction, making use of the best
appropriate technology knowledge, conducive to people
participation, compatible with laws of ecology, harmonizes
with the environment, gentle in its use of scare resources,
and minimal energy.
Thus, hoping that Mud house will help open our eyes to
an architectural alternative design for preserving the natural
world not solely for its own sake but to provide an
environment hospitable to man which should be
environmental friendly design
AR. ANNA HERINGER
INTRODUCTION
She was born in year 1977 in Austria.
She studied architecture at the University of
Art Linz/ Prof. Roland Gnaiger (Austria),
where she graduated in 2004 with her
diploma.
She spent one year in Bangladesh
(1997/98) as development learner.

INTRODUCTION
An important focus of her work is the training of
young architects.
She has conducted hands-on workshops for
students with BASE habitat in South Africa,
Austria and Bangladesh.
In 2008 she was teaching at the Stuttgart
University and since 2008 she is heading the
studio "BASE habitat" where she is a visiting
professor.
awards
In 2010 she received the nomination as
Honorary Professor of the UNESCO Chair
"Earthen Architecture".
Anna Heringer won several international
awards, amongst them the Aga Khan
Award for Architecture and the AR
Emerging Architecture Award (2006 and
2008)
PHILOSOPHY
Architecture is a tool to improve lives.
The vision behind, and motivation for my work is to explore
and use architecture as a medium to strengthen cultural and
individual confidence, to support local economies and to
foster the ecological balance. Joyful living is a creative and
active process and I am deeply interested in the sustainable
development of our society and our architecture. For me,
sustainability is a synonym for beauty: a building that is
harmonious in its design, structure, technique and use of
materials, as well as with the location, the environment, the
user, the socio-cultural context. This, for me, is what defines
its sustainable and aesthetic value.

WORK DONE

DESI is a vocational school for electrical training. The
building houses classrooms, offices and residences for the
school instructors. The DESI building is a new
interpretation of the traditional Bangladeshi homestead.
Moreover it is an appropriate synthesis of High-tech and
low-tech.


WORK DONE
METI Handmade School in Rudrapur
This joyous and elegant two-storey primary school in rural Bangladesh
has emerged from a deep understanding of local materials and a heart-
felt connection to the local community. Its innovation lies in the
adaptation of traditional methods and materials of construction to create
light-filled celebratory spaces as well as informal spaces for children
The jury unanimously recognised the architectural quality of
this project, as well as its modernity. Integrated into the local
context, it proposes an interpretation of the archetypes of the
rural ksars and the urban medersas. The jury was seduced
by this humanist project that combines technology, culture
and the socio-economic reality of the region.
Training Centre for Sustainability, Morocco

WORK DONE
Floor Plan
Training Centre for Sustainability
(Morocco)
Section
Section
East Side Elevation
North Side Elevation
Birds Eye View