EC305

Communication Engineering Lab

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Course pre-requisites

Good Knowledge in both Analog and Digital
communication techniques.

Knowledge in sampling theorem.

Basic circuit design & building skills.

Matlab programming skills.
Course Layout


Cycle 1 : Analog Communication (5 experiments)

Cycle 2 : Digital Communication (5 experiments)

Cycle 3 : Software Simulation ( 4 experiments)
Cycle 1

Exp. 1 : Amplitude Modulation

Exp. 2 : Frequency Modulation

Exp. 3 : Pulse Width Modulation

Exp. 4 : Pulse Position Modulation

Exp. 5 : Pulse Amplitude Modulation & Sampling
Theorem
Cycle 2

Exp. 6 : Amplitude Shift Keying

Exp. 7 : Frequency Shift Keying

Exp. 8 : Binary Phase Shift Keying

Exp. 9 : Pseudo random Noise Sequence

Exp. 10: Line Coding Techniques
Cycle 3

Exp. 11 : Simulation of Amplitude Shift Keying

Exp. 12 : Simulation of Frequency Shift Keying

Exp. 13 : Simulation of Binary Phase Shift Keying

Exp. 14 : Simulation of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
Amplitude Modulation
Aim:
To modulate a 120 kHz carrier with a 1kHz
message signal with 60 % modulation index
and successfully demodulate it.

Equipment Required:
Signal generator (2 MHz) 2 Nos.
Dual Channel Osilloscope (5 MHz) 1 No.
Breadboard 1 No.
Transistor (BC147) 1 No.
Resistors, Capacitors and other components.
Circuit Diagram (AM Modulator)
Circuit Diagram (AM Demodulator)
Design
Transistor Biasing
V
CC
= 12 V
V
B
2 V R1 = 6 * R2
100

Carrier Coupling (HPF)
C1*(R1R2) << 8.3 s (Time period of 120 kHz)

Message Coupling
8 s << C2*R4 << 1ms

Output Coupling
C3 * R3 << 8 s


Measurements & Reading
Measure message Input: Frequency & Amplitude
Measure carrier Input : Frequency & Amplitude
Observe the AM waveform at the output.
Trapezoidal pattern:
Adjust v
c
and v
m
to achieve approximately linear
modulation.

Measure output Modulation Index from the trapezoidal
pattern


Measure the demodulated signal: Frequency &
Amplitude.




MIN MAX
MIN MAX
V V
V V
m

Frequency Modulation
Aim:
To frequency modulate an 20 kHz career with 2 kHz
message with a frequency deviation of 3 kHz, using
XR2206
Equipment required:
Signal generator (2 MHz) 1 No.
Dual Channel Oscilloscope (5 MHz) 1 No.
Breadboard 1 No.
IC - XR2206 - 1No.
Resistors, Capacitors and other components

Circuit Diagram (FM Modulator)
Design
Carrier Frequency:



Frequency Deviation:

2
1
CR
f
C

pp m
v f ) (

FM Demodulator Circuit
Measurements & Readings
Input Message Signal:
Frequency & Amplitude

Output FM Signal:
Amplitude (V
PP
)
f
MAX
f
MIN

Carrier Frequency:


Frequency Deviation:


2
MIN MAX
C
f f
f

2
MIN MAX
f f
f

Demodulated Signal:
Frequency & Amplitude


Pulse Amplitude Modulation
Aim:
To amplitude modulate a discrete pulse waveform
of 8000 pulse per second with a message signal of 2
kHz and successfully demodulate it.
To vary the frequency of the message signal and
verify the sampling theorem
Circuit Diagram (Sampling)
Circuit Diagram ( De-Sampling)
Design
De-sampling

kHz
RC
f
CO
4
2
1

Measurements and Reading

f
M
f
S
Demodulated
Amplitude
Demodulated
Frequency
2 kHz 8 kHz
3 kHz 8 kHz
4 kHz 8 kHz
5 kHz 8 kHz
6 kHz 8 kHz
PULSE WIDTH MODULATION
PULSE POSITION MODULATION
Pulse width modulation
Pulse position modulation