Socket programming

With C/C++
Network Layers

• 1 – user application
• 2 – internet application (well-known ports)
• 3 – transport layer {TCP or UDP}
• 4 – network layer (internet address)
• 5 – LLC sub layer
• 6 – MAC sub layer
• 7 - Physical
Two important protocols

• TCP/IP
– Provides reliable ,in-order transfer of
bytes between client and server
• UDP
– Provides unreliable transfer of groups of
bytes between client and server
What is SOCKET?

• A well defined method of connecting

two applications locally or through
network
• Protocol & language independent
Association

• A connection between two processes using

socket is called association
• An association can abstractly defined by 5
terms which specifies two processes and a
method of communication
• A half association is a single side of
association which is defined as a 3tuple
• /etc/services is used to administrate
port numbers from 0-1024 which are
called well-known ports and use of
them needs root access
• The socket concepts came from
Berkeley based UNIX systems
Socket library functions
• System calls
• Startup / close
• Data transfer
• Optional control
• ….
• Network configuration lookup
• Host address
• Ports for services
•…
• Utility functions
• Data conversion
• Address manipulation
• Error handling
Methods :

• socket()
– Creates a new socket and returns its descriptor
• bind()
– Associates a socket with a port and address
• connect()
– Establish queue for connection requests
• listen()
– Accepts a connection request
• accept()
– Initiates a connection to a remote host
• recv()
– Receive data from a socket descriptor
• send()
– Sends data to a socket descriptor
• write()
• read()
• int socket(int domain,int type,int
protocol)
• Domain = AF_INET | AF_UNIX
• Type = SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_DGRAM |
SOCK_RAW | SOCK_SEQPACKET |
SOCK_RDM
• Protocol = usually 0 , but every
protocol you want to use
struct sockaddr{
u_short sa_family;
char sa_data[14];
}
struct sockaddr_in{
short sin_family;
u_short sin_port;
struct in_addr sin_addr;
char sin_zero[8];
}
union sock{
struct sockaddr s;
struct sockaddr_in i;
}sock;
sock.i.sin_family = AF_INET;
sock.i.sin_port = port number;
sock.i.sin_addr.s_addr = “ip number”; or
INADDR_ANY
• bind(int s,struct sockaddr*name,int
len)
• S : specefies the socket
• listen(int s,int backlog)
• backlog : defines the maximum
number of outstanding connections
int accept (int s,struct sockaddr * addr,
int * addrlen)

addrlen : points to an integer which is

reserved for coming address
• connect(int s,struct
sockaddr*name,int len)
• S : specefies the socket
struct fd_set{
u_int fd_count; //number of sockets in the set
socket fd_array [FD_SETSIZE]; //sockets

}
FD_CLR (s, *set) //removes s from set
FD_ISSET (s, *set) //nonzero if s is a member of the set
FD_SET (s, *set) //adds s to set
FD_ZERO ( *set) //initializes the set to NULL
struct timeval{
long tv_sec; //seconds
long tv_usec; //microseconds
}
• int select (int nfds ,
fd_set * read ,
fd_set * write ,
fd_set * except ,
struct timeval * timeout
)
timeout is the maximum wait time
• recv(int s,char*buff,int len,int flag)
• send(int s,char*buff,int len,int flag)

flag can be MSG_OOB or MSG_DONTROUTE

Server and Client
• socket() • socket()
• bind()
• listen() • connect()
• accept()
• recv()/send() • send()/recv()
• close() • close()
Some server/client basics

• Primary and secondary sockets

• Just primary socket
Created by AYLOOZ
Alireza Fathi