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As gestational age increases, the nutritional needs of pregnant women grow, especially in the second trimester when fetal growth accelerates. During this period, the brain and nervous system develop rapidly, requiring optimal nutrition to support this growth. The document then outlines the specific nutritional needs that increase during pregnancy, including calories, protein, carbohydrates, fat, folic acid, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamins C and A. Meeting these increasing nutritional demands through diet and supplements is important for promoting healthy fetal development.
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The Role of Nutrition on Fetal Growth and Development
As gestational age increases, the nutritional needs of pregnant women grow, especially in the second trimester when fetal growth accelerates. During this period, the brain and nervous system develop rapidly, requiring optimal nutrition to support this growth. The document then outlines the specific nutritional needs that increase during pregnancy, including calories, protein, carbohydrates, fat, folic acid, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamins C and A. Meeting these increasing nutritional demands through diet and supplements is important for promoting healthy fetal development.
As gestational age increases, the nutritional needs of pregnant women grow, especially in the second trimester when fetal growth accelerates. During this period, the brain and nervous system develop rapidly, requiring optimal nutrition to support this growth. The document then outlines the specific nutritional needs that increase during pregnancy, including calories, protein, carbohydrates, fat, folic acid, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamins C and A. Meeting these increasing nutritional demands through diet and supplements is important for promoting healthy fetal development.
especially after entering the second trimester of pregnancy. Because at that time, fetal growth took place rapidly - particularly the development of the brain and nervous system - and requires optimal nutrition. The Role of Nutrition on Fetal Growth and Development a. Calories During the second and third trimesters of pregnancy requires 300 calories per day. These additional calories needed for your weight increase (total 12 to 16 kg during pregnancy). It is very necessary to produce sufficient weight babies at birth. Should in the first trimester, weight gain is only 0, 5 kg of each month. Whereas in the second trismester, 0, 5 kg each week. Whereas in the last trimester (months- 9), may only be 0, 5 to 1 kg. Should in the first trimester, weight gain is only 0, 5 kg of each month. Whereas in the second trismester, 0, 5 kg each week. Whereas in the last trimester (months- 9), may only be 0, 5 to 1 kg. b. Protein Protein is needed for building, repairing, and replacing the body's tissues. Pregnant women need extra nutrients for optimal fetal growth. Pregnant women need about 75 grams of protein each day, 25 grams more than the others. Animal products like meat, fish, eggs, milk, cheese, and seafood is a source of protein. In addition proteins can also be obtained from plants such as nuts, seeds, tempe, tofu, Oncom, and others. c. Carbohydrate and Fat The main energy source for pregnant women is Kabohidrat and fat. Sources of carbohydrates include rice, bread, cereal and grain. In order needs fulfilled recommended carbohydrate eating three servings of carbohydrates each day. Fat also produces energy, and save the protein to be utilized in the growth functions. Fats are used for the formation of cell membrane material and the formation of hormones, the formation of fat tissue, besides that fat helps the body to absorb nutrients. However, in pregnant condition fat intake should also be restricted due to high calorie content. d. Folic Acid Folate is a B vitamin that plays an important role in embryonic development. Folate also helps prevent neural tube defects, ie defects in the brain and spine. Folate deficiency may also increase the pregnancy is less age (preterm) infants with low birth weight (low birth weight infant / LBW), and fetal growth is less. ]In fact, folic acid is needed, especially before pregnancy and in early pregnancy. However, pregnant women should still continue the intake of folate. 600 mg of folate are advised for pregnant women. Folate can be obtained from folic acid supplementation. Green vegetables (like spinach, asparagus), orange juice, beans, nuts and wheat bread is a natural source that contains folate. e. Calcium Fetal calcium from the mother to collect about 25 to 30 mg daily. At most when the third trimester of pregnancy. Pregnant women and babies need calcium for strong bones and teeth. In addition, calcium is also used to help blood vessels contracted and dilated. Calcium is also needed to deliver neural signals, muscle contraction and hormone secretion. If no adequate calcium from food, baby needs calcium will be taken from the maternal bone. Pregnant calcium requirement is about 1000 mg per day. Calcium from food sources include dairy products like milk, cheese, yogurt. Also fish is also a good source of calcium. f. Iron Iron is needed to produce hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells carry oxygen to the role of body tissues. During pregnancy, blood volume increases to accommodate changes in the body of the mother and baby's blood supply. This causes the need for iron increases about twice. If requirements are not fulfilled in iron, pregnant mothers will easily tired and vulnerable to infection. The risk of having a baby is not old enough and babies with low birth weight were also higher. Iron deficiency will lead to growth and development of the fetus becomes obstructed. Lack of iron can increase the risk of disability (mortality) Requirement of iron for pregnant women is about 27 mg daily. Aside from supplements, iron can be obtained naturally from red meat, fish, poultry, fortified breakfast cereals are iron, and beans. g. Zinc From several studies reported that pregnant women who have low zinc levels in the food substances risk of premature birth and giving birth to low birth weight. While clinical trials of zinc supplementation of substances not found clarity about the benefits of zinc consumed in higher amounts. However, zinc consuming substances in sufficient amounts to an anticipatory steps that can be done. Substance zinc can be found naturally in red meat, whole wheat, beans, legumes, and some breakfast cereals have been fortified. In general, women do not need additional supplements. But they can consume supplements (about 25 mg of zinc daily substances) if you are in an unhealthy condition. h. Vitamin C Vitamin C is needed by the fetus depends on the mother's food intake. Vitamin C is an antioxidant that protects tissues from damage and needed to form collagen and deliver chemical signals in the brain. Pregnant women are advised to consume daily 85 mg of vitamin C per day. Vitamin C is easily obtained from foods such as tomatoes, oranges, strawberries, guava, and broccoli. Foods rich in vitamin C also helps absorption of iron in the body. i. Vitamin A Vitamin A plays an important role in body functions, including functional vision, immunity, and the growth and development of the embryo. Vitamin A deficiency can lead to premature birth and low birth weight infants. Vitamin A can be found in fruits and green or yellow vegetables, butter, milk, egg yolks, and others.