1

THE SOCIOECONOMIC
DETERMINANTS OF
FERTILITY
SUSHEELA SINGH
and
JOHN CASTERLINE
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Presented by:
Suraya Akhtar
Roll no: Moitri-12
2
nd
semester student of Master of population sciences
Department of population sciences, Dhaka University
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Introduction
Two sets of issues are highlighted here-

Socioeconomic differentials may indicate the
considerations that underlies fertility decisions.


Analysis of socioeconomic differentials occupies a
central position in fertility change.







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The major socioeconomic
determinants are:
Education

Residence

Womens employment

Modernization


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Education and fertility
Effect of education on fertility in different country context
In least developed countries
-small rise in education can cause a rise in fertility.

In developing countries.
-increase in education leads to lower fertility.

In developed countries.
-an upturn of fertility at the highest level of education found.

United Nation in 1983 also stated that the patterns are not same for
husbands and for wifes education.

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Residence and fertility
In urban areas: fertility is comparatively low because-
Later age of marriage.
Net cost of children.

Rodriguez and Cleland:

In rural areas: total fertility exceeds the urban.
In least developed countries urban fertility is 6% less than rural
fertility.
In more developed countries the difference is 29%.

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Women's employment and
fertility
Different type of population and different occupation
determines the relationship of womens employment
and fertility-
Women at urban market economy and with high
status occupation has lower fertility.

Women in agriculture, low status sales and service
occupation shows higher fertility.

Mason and Palan:
Urban Chinese and urban Indian population shows an
inverse work-fertility relationship.

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Modernization and fertility
Modernization and westernization process changes
the differentials from older to younger cohorts.
Thailand experienced a decline in fertility at the same
time.
Intensive family planning affecting the fertility.
Increase in family planning program strength causes
negative socioeconomic fertility relationship.



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Limitations of the study
Author stated some problems in this article-

Limitation in information.

Less attention to the male education and fertility.

Relationship between modernization and fertility is
not explained directly.

Occupation is absent here.



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Conclusion
In short we can draw a conclusion like this-

Education reduces demand for children.
Fertility declines with urbanization.
Negative relationship between womens employment
and fertility.
Changes in social structure changes fertility.

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Thank you