APPETIZER FOR TOEFL (PBT)

BY
CB
(COACH BARANS)
TEST OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN
LANGUAGE
THESE LESSONS ARE ONLY ABOUT STRUCTURES, TIPS,
AND TRICKS. THEY WILL BE USELESS, IF YOU DO
NOT MASTER VOCABULARIES
BAD SCENARIO IN TOEFL
SECTION 1: LISTENING COMPREHENSION
GROGI

SECTION 2: STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION
PUSING

SECTION 3: READING COMPREHENSION
NGANTUK

+ BOLAK BALIK KE TOILET.

STRUCTURE AND WRITEN
EXPRESSION
STRUCTURE


WORD
PHRASE
CLAUSE
SENTENCE
WORDS
NOUN
VERB
ADJECTIVE
ADVERB
PREPOSITION
CONNECTOR
NOUNS
PLACES
PERSONS
NAMES
THINGS
Taken from Longman
Taken from Longman
NOUNS
FUNCTIONS:
1.AS A SUBJECT
2.AS AN OBJECT
VERBS
ACTION VERBS
AUXILLIARY VERBS
ACTION VERBS
VERB 1 VERB 2 VERB 3 VERB ING
WALK (S)

WALKED WALKED WALKING
WRITE (S) WROTE WRITTEN WRITING
THINK(S) THOUGHT THOUGHT THINKING
Taken from Longman
AUXILLIARY VERBS
1. TO BE
(AM , IS, ARE, WAS, WERE, BE, BEEN,
BEING)
2. PERFECT ASPECT
(HAS, HAVE, HAD)
3. MODALS
(WILL, WOULD, CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT,
SHALL, SHOULD, MUST, etc.)
4. DO, DOES, DID
ADJECTIVES
O
SI
A
S
C
O
M
P
OPINION
SIZE
AGE
SHAPE
COLOR
ORIGIN
MATERIAL
PURPOSE
Taken from Longman
ADJECTIVE
FUNCTIONS

ADJECTIVE
BEAUTIFUL
NOUN
GIRLS
ADVERBS
VERB
SING
ARE
ADVERB
BEAUTIFULLY
COMMONLY (USING/USED)
ADVERB
ORIGINALLY
ADJECTIVE
CRISPY
ADVERB
INCREDIBLY
ADVERB
QUICKLY
PREPOSITIONS
IN, ON, AT, TO,ETC.
IN SEMARANG
ON THE TABLE
AT THE CAMPUS
TO THE TOILET
CONNECTORS
WILL BE EXPLAINED LATER


PHRASES, CLAUSE, SENTENCE
EXTREMELY FAST

TO THE TOILET

PAIJO IS RUNNING

PAIJO IS RUNNING EXTREMELY FAST TO THE TOILET
STRUCTURE SKILLS
1. RECOGNIZING SUBJECT & VERB (CLAUSE)
S + V
Example 1
ONE CLAUSE
Engineers _____ for the project
a) necessary
b) are needed
c) Hopefully
d) Next month
CONNECTOR
AND, BUT, OR,
BECAUSE, IF, WHO,
THAT, WHICH, etc.
MULTIPLE CLAUSE
She was pleased with what she had
done although she was surprised at
the results.

Although she was surprised at the
result, she was pleased with what she
had done.

EXAMPLE 2A
MULTIPLE CLAUSES
______ were late, we missed the class

a) We
b) Because
c) The train
d) Since they
She was pleased with what she had
done although she was surprised at
the results.
She was pleased with what she had
done although surprised at the result.
Although she was surprised at the
result, she was pleased with what she
had done.
Although surprised at the result, she
was pleased with what she had done.

EXAMPLE 2B
MULTIPLE CLAUSES
When______ , you are free to leave
a) The finished report
b) Finished with the report
c) The report
d) Is the report
SUMPELAN

The principal is meeting with his staffs.

The principal who is now preparing to
give a speech is meeting with his
staffs.
EXAMPLE 3
The gift ____ selected for her is too
expensive
a) Because
b) Was
c) Since
d) Which you
SUMPELAN [aktif]
The principal is meeting with his staffs.
The principal who is now preparing to
give a speech is meeting with his
staffs.
The principal now preparing to give a
speech is meeting with his staffs.
Now preparing to give a speech, The
principal is meeting with his staffs.
EXAMPLE 4A
______ on several television program, the
witness gave conflicting account to what had
happened.
a) He appeared
b) Who appeared
c) Appearing
d) Appears




SUMPELAN [pasif]
The principals office is very spacious.
The principals office which is located
near our classroom is very spacious.
The principals office located near our
classroom is very spacious.
Located near our classroom, the
principals office is very spacious.
EXAMPLE 4B
______ behind government secrecy for nearly
half a century, the Hanford plant in central
Washington produced plutonium for the
nuclear weapons of the Cold War.
a) It is hidden
b) Hidden
c) Which is hidden
d) The plant is hiding




WRITTEN EXPRESSIONS SKILL
S & V MUST AGREE
LISTEN TO THIS SONG
TO BE
(AM , IS, ARE, WAS, WERE, BE, BEEN,
BEING)
+
V ING (ACTIVE) / V 3 (PASSIVE) /
NOUNS / ADJECTIVES / ADVERBS /
PREPOSITIONS
S & V MUST AGREE
EXAMPLE 5
The Smiths are build their
house on some properties
that they own in the
desert.
S & V MUST AGREE
PERFECT ASPECT
(HAS, HAVE, HAD)
+
V 3
EXAMPLE 6
Linus Pauling has wins two
Nobel Prizes: the 1954 Nobel
Prize in Chemistry and the
1962 Nobel Peace Prize.
S & V MUST AGREE
MODALS
(WILL, WOULD, CAN, COULD, MAY,
MIGHT, SHALL, SHOULD, MUST,
etc.)
+
V 1

EXAMPLE 7

The students must took
the exam at ten in the
morning.
PARALLELISM
BOTH AND
EITHER ..OR
NEITHER ..NOR
NOT ONLY BUT ALSO
V ING, V ING, AND V ING
TO , TO, AND TO
NOUN, NOUN, AND NOUN



EXAMPLE 8


Fire extinguishers can contain
liquefied gas, dry chemicals, or
watery.
EXAMPLE 9
A bankruptcy may be either
voluntary nor involuntary.
COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE
.er than
morethan
The est (in/of/that)
The most (in/of/that)

EXAMPLE 10
1. between Europe and Asia is the Caspian
sea, which is known as the worlds most
big lake.
2. of all students in the school, Ronny is
better.


EXAMPLE 11
(ADJECTIVE & ADVERB)
Based on history, Venus is the goddess Roman of
love.



American are destroying rapidly wetlands,
faster than an acre every two minutes.


LISTENING
Part A

Part B

Part C

PART A

Focus on the last line.
Avoid similar sound.
Choose synonym.
Who, What, & Where.
Double negative.
Almost Negative.
Expression of agreement, uncertainty,
suggestion & surprise.
Contrary result.
Two-and-three part
Idioms.

FOCUS ON THE LAST LINE (4 part a)
(woman) Are you enjoying your coffee?
(man) It tastes extremely bitter this
morning!
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?

- The key word is always on the last line
TASTES EXTREMELY BITTER

AVOID SIMILAR SOUND (4 part a)
(woman) Are you enjoying your coffee?
(man) It tastes extremely bitter this
morning!
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?

a.The coffee is much BETTER this morning
b.The coffee TASTES EXTREMELY good.
c.The coffee isnt very good.
d.This morning he DEFINITELY wants some
coffee


CHOOSE SYNONYM (4 part a)
(woman) Are you enjoying your coffee?
(man) It tastes extremely bitter this
morning!
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
a.The coffee is much better this morning
b.The coffee tastes extremely good.
c.The coffee ISNT VERY GOOD.
d.This morning he definitely wants some
coffee
WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (30)
(woman) Can you tell me what assignments I
missed when I was absent from your
class?
(man) You missed one homework assignment
and a quiz.
(narrator) WHO IS THE MAN?
a.A newspaper editor
b.A police officer
c.A teacher
d.A student
WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (2)
(woman) Are you going to read those books here
in the library?
(man) I think Id rather check them out now
and take them home
(narrator) WHAT WILL THE MAN PROBABLY
DO?
a.Sit down in the library
b.Look for some more books
c.Return the books to the shelves
d.Go to the circulation desk
WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (3)
(woman) Are you going into the water, or are
you just going to lie there on the sand?
(man) I think I need to put some suntan lotion
(narrator) WHERE DOES THIS
CONVERSATION PROBABLY TAKE
PLACE?
a.At a beauty salon
b.A the beach
c.In a sandbox
d.At an outdoor restaurant
DOUBLE NEGATIVE (13)
(woman) I cant believe the news that I heard
about the concert
(man) Well, it isnt impossible for the concert
to take place
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY
ABOUT THE CONCERT?
a.Theres no possibility that the concert will
take place
b.The concert will definitely not take place
c.The concert might take place
d.The concert cant take place

ALMOST NEGATIVE (15)
(woman) Were you able to pay the electric bill?
(man) I had barely enough money.
(narrator) What does the man imply?
a.He had plenty of money for the bill
b.He did not have enough money for the bill
c.He paid the bill but has no money left
d.He was unable to pay the bill
ALMOST NEGATIVE


Hardly, Nearly, Barely, Scarcely, Only
(almost none)
Almost, Seldom
(almost never)
are grouped as Almost negative word.
AGREEMENT EXPRESSION (21)
(man) I think that the hypothesis is
indefensible
(woman) So do I
(narrator) What does the woman mean?
a.She is unsure about the hypothesis
b.The hippopotamus is behind the fence
c.She thinks that the hypothesis can be
defended
d.She agrees with the man
UNCERTAINITY EXPRESSION (24)
(man) Do you know anything about the final
exam in physics?
(woman) Its going to be rather difficult, isnt
it?
(narrator) What does the woman mean?
a.The exam is not going to be difficult
b.Shes positive thats its going to be hard.
c.She thinks that it might be hard
d.She has no idea about the exam

SUGGESTION EXPRESSION (25)
(man) Ill never have time to type my paper
tomorrow
(woman) Why not do it now?
(narrator) What does the woman suggest?
a.Finishing the paper
b.Not working on the paper now
c.Never typing the paper
d.Taking time out from the paper now

EXPRESSION OF SURPRISE (27)
(woman) Did you see Paul driving around in his
Mustang
(man) Then he DID get a new car
(narrator) What had the man thought?
a.Paul would definitely get a Mustang
b.Paul did not know how to drive
c.Paul did not like mustangs
d.Paul would not get a new car
CONTRARY (4 tr4)
(woman) Its too bad that you have to stay here
and work during the school break
(man) I really wish I could go with you and
the others to Palm springs
(narrator) What does the man thought?
a.Maybe he will go with the others on the trip
b.He is unable to go on the trip
c.Hes happy to be going on the trip
d.Hes going on the trip, but not with the
others
CONTRARY (6)
(man) Do you think that youll be able to go to
the party?
(woman) If I had time, I would go
(narrator) What does the woman say about the
party?
a.Maybe shell go
b.She has time, so shell go
c.She is going even if she doesnt have time
d.Its impossible to go

TWO-AND THREE-PART VERBS (10)
(man) What time does the meeting start?
(woman) Didnt you hear that it was called off
by the director?
(narrator) What does the woman say about the
meeting?
a.The director called a meeting
b.The director called the meeting to order
c.The director phoned her about the meeting
d.The director canceled the meeting.

TWO-AND THREE-PART VERBS
A. STOP IT F. MANAGE
B. GET REVENGE AGAINST G. ADVANCE
C. RECOVER FROM H. THROW AWAY
D. DECREASE IT I. STOP THE SUPPLY OF
E. BE FRIENDLY J. IMPLY
TAKEN FROM LONGMAN
Hes been smoking too much. He really needs to
cut down.
The company had to cut off the electricity
because the bill was unpaid.
He is working hard because he really wants to get
ahead.
She is such a nice person that she is easily able to
get along with everyone.
She was sick for several weeks, but she has
started to get over it.
TAKEN FROM LONGMAN
Could you explain a little more clearly I really
dont understand what you are trying to get at.
When he stole some money from her, she really
wanted to do something to get back at him.
We have enough money to get by for a few
months, we wont have a lot of extras, but we will
survive.
There are too many clothes in my closet. I need
to get rid of some of them.
IDIOMS (12)
(man) Tom is a full-time student and is
holding down a full-time job
(woman) Hes really burning the candle at both
ends
(narrator) What does the woman say about the
meeting?
a.Hes lighting a candle
b.Hes holding the candle at the top and the
bottom
c.Hes doing too much
d.Hes working as a firefighter


IDIOMS
1.Get ahead = Achieve Success.
2.All in the same boat = all in the same situation.
3.Cut down = reduce.
4.Strike while the iron is hot = take the
opportunity.
5.Come down with something = feeling sick.
6.Let sleeping dog lie = leaving it alone.
7.Brush it off = forget aboutand keep trying
8.Head and shoulder above = the best.
9.Get along together = work well together.
10.Off the hook = no longer responsible.
WORDS PARTS
PART MEANING EXAMPLE PART MEANING EXAMPLE
CEED /
CEDE
GO PROCEED RUPT BREAK ERUPT
JECT THROW EJECT SCRIPT WRITE DESCRIBE
PORT CARRY PORTABLE VIV LIVE SURVIVE
CIR ROUND CIRCULATE EX OUT EXIT
IN IN INCLUDE RE BACK RETURN
SUB UNDER SUBWAY TELE FAR TELEPHONE
TRANS ACROSS TRANS
ATLANTIC
PRE BEFORE PREVIOUS
POST AFTER POSTPONE BENE GOOD BENEFIT
MAL BAD MALFUNCTION EU GOOD EUPHEMISM
DIS BAD DISFUNCTION PHOBIA FEAR CLAUSTROPH
OBIA
WORDS PARTS
PART MEANIN
G
EXAMPLE PART MEANING EXAMPLE
CONTRA AGAINST CONTRAST DIC SAY DICTATE
MIS ERROR MISTAKE DOMIN MASTER DOMINANT
DEC TEN DECADE JUD JUDGE JUDGMENT
MOR DEATH MORTTAL MULTI MANY MULTIPLE
SPEC SEE SPECTATOR SOL ONE SOLO
TERR EARTH TERRITORY TRI THREE TRIPLE
CORP BODY CORPORATION GEO EARTH GEOLOGY
HYDR WATER HYDROPLANE DENT TEETH DENTIST
PYR FIRE PYROTECHNIC CAP HEAD CAPTAIN
ASTR STAR ASTRONOUT DERM SKIN DERMATOLO
GIST
The word malpractice in line 4 is
closest in the meaning to
A. Religion
B. Flag
C. Careless
D.agreement
In line 9, The word decades is
closest in meaning to
A. Months
B. Centuries
C. Long epoch
D.Ten-year periods
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