Urinary System

Rita Rosita
Three Functions of the Urinary System
1. Excretion:
removal of organic wastes from body
fluids
2. Elimination:
discharge of waste products
3. Homeostatic regulation:
of blood plasma volume and solute
concentration
Components of the Urinary System
Kidney :
Function :
Excrete final product of metabolic
activities & excess watercontrol
concentration substances in body fluid
Release : erythropoitin, renin, 1,25
hydrocholecalciferol
Location of the kidneys
Are located on either
side of vertebral
column T
12
L
3
):
The right kidney is
slightly lower than the
left kidney because of
the liver's size and
position.
superior surface capped
by suprarenal gland

Kidney
Is about 10 cm long, 5.5 cm wide, and
3 cm. thick
Weighs about 150 g
Hilum
Point of entry for renal artery and renal
nerves
Point of exit for renal vein and ureter
Renal Surface Projection
Anterior surface :
Hillar centre at transpyloric plane, 5cm lateral
from midline, slightly medial from cart 9
th

costae
Reniform : upper pole 2,5cm from midline, lower
7,5cm
Posterior surface :
Hillar centre : Lower border of V.L1, 5cm from
midline
Reniform : lower pole 2,5cm from crista iliaca
Renal Relation
Kidneys concentric layers
Renal Capsule
A layer of collagen fibers
Covers outer surface of entire organ
Adipose Capsule
A thick layer of adipose tissue
Surrounds renal capsule
Renal Fascia
A dense, fibrous outer layeranterior and posterior
layer
Anchors kidney to surrounding structures
Gross Anatomy
Shape
Two bean-shaped organs
Lateral surface -- convex
Medial surface -- concave
Renal Pelvis
Large, funnel-shaped chamber
Consists of 2 or 3 major calyces
Connected to ureter, which drains kidney
The Structure of the Kidney
VASKULARISASI
A. RENALIS
CABANG AORTA ABDOMINALIS VL2
PECAH MENJADI DIVISI ANT. & DIVISI
POST. 5 CAB. UNTUK 5 SEGMEN
VASKULARISASI :
APICAL (SUP.) POLUS CRANIALIS
(V&D)
ANTERIOR SUPERIOR
ANTERIOR INFERIOR
INFERIOR 1/3 BAG. BAWAH (V&D)
POSTERIOR
LINEA BRODEL avascular
S35
S36
Blood Supply :
A.renalis

A.segmentalis

A.interlobaris

A.arcuata

A.interlobularis

A.afferent
Upper urinary tract
Renal calyces and
pelvis
Located : sinus
renalis
Pelviureteric
junction
extrahillar, lower
part of medial
border of kidney



Ureters
Pair of muscular tubes 30 cm. (12 in)
Each ureter begins at the funnel-
shaped renal pelvis
Tubular organs that transport urine
Move urine from the kidneys to
urinary bladder
Radiography
Descending or excretion pyelography
Ascending or retrograde pyelography

Normal capping of the minor
calyces clinically important
obliterated hydronephrosis
The constriction of
ureter

PELVIS RENALIS URETER
PARS ABD. PARS PELVINA
BEFORE ENTER URINARY
BLADDER
Urinary Bladder
Functions as
temporary reservoir
urine storage
Full bladder can
contain 1 liter of urine
Lining the urinary
bladder has folds
(rugae) that disappear
as bladder fills
The Trigone of the
Urinary Bladder :Is a
triangular area
bounded by:
openings of ureters
entrance to urethra

VESICA URINARIA
BENTUK/UKURAN/POSISI SGT. BERVARIASI
KAPASITAS : RATA2 120 - 320 CC ( 280 CC)
NORMAL MAX 500 CC
BAGIAN2: 4 FACIES : SUPERIOR
POST.(FUNDUS = BASIS)
2 INFEROLAT. COLLUM
APEX
EXCAVATIO : VESICORECTALIS
VESICOUTERINA
SYMPHYSEO-VESICALIS
Bladder capacity
125-320 cc
Mictie : 280 cc
> 500cc pain
caused by tension
Reffered pain :
T11- L2, S2-4
lower ant abd wall,
perineum, penis
Begins at the neck of the
urinary bladder
Moves urine from urinary
bladder to the outside of the
body
Females = 4 cm. (1.5 in.) long
Males = 20 cm. (8 in.) long
Divided into prostatic,
membranous, and spongy
(penile) portions.
Male urethra also
transports semen during
ejaculation
Urethra
Reproductive System
The Reproductive System
Gonads:
organs that produce gametes and
hormones
Ducts:
receive and transport gametes
Accessory glands:
secrete fluids into ducts
Perineal structures:
collectively known as external genitalia
Male Reproductive System
Production and Pathway
of Spermatozoa :
Testes
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra

Accessory Organs
Secrete fluids into ejaculatory
ducts and urethra:
seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands

External Genitalia
Scrotum
Encloses testes
Is a fleshy pouch
Suspended inferior to perineum
Anterior to anus
Posterior to base of penis
Penis
erectile organ
contains distal portion of urethra
Testes
Egg-shaped
5 cm long, 3 cm wide, 2.5 cm thick
Weighs 1015 g
Hangs in scrotum
The Structure and Function of Testes
Structure Seminiferous
tubules
Produce sperm
Each is about 80 cm long
Testis contains about 1/2 mile of
tightly-coiled seminiferous tubules
Spermatogenesis
Is the process of sperm production
Begins at outermost cell layer in
seminiferous tubules
Proceeds toward lumen
Hormone Production
Testosterone
TESTES LAYERS
TUNICA VAGINALIS :
Lamina parietalis
Lamina visceralis
TUNICA ALBUGINEA.
- MEDIASTINUM TESTIS.
SEPTA 250
LOBULUS
Lamina parietalis
tunica vaginalis
Lamina visceralis
tunica vaginalis
Tunica albuginea

The beginning of male reproduction tract

Spiral form canal and have 7 m long
Attachment at margo posterior testis

Have three segment :caput, corpus, and
cauda

EPIDIDYMIS.

Cauda epidydimis-
ductus ejaculatorius
Each about 4045 cm
long
Start form cauda
epididymis
Storage of sperm

Ductus Deferens
About 2 cm long
Merger of ampula
ductus deferens and
ductus vesica seminalis
Passing through
prostate gland
Enter the urethra pars
prostatica
Ductus ejaculatorius
Glandula Prostate
Organ berotot dengan
diameter kl 4 cm.
Melingkari urethra
proximalis:
Berada ddi bawah
versica urinaria
Terdiri dari 30- 50
glandular
tubuloalveoler.
Dibungkus otot polos.
Membentuk 20 30 %
volume semen.

PROSTAT.
BAGIAN BAGIAN:
PERMUKAAN : POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
INFEROLATERAL (2).
LOBUS: SATU LOBUS MEDIUS.
DUA LOBUS LATERAL.
SCROTUM

Contains of:
1. TESTES
2. EPIDIDYMIS
3. FUNICULUS SPERMATICUS.
FUNICULUS SPERMATICUS
Consist of:
1. DUCTUS DEFERENS.
2. A.TESTICULARIS
3. PLEXUS PAMPINIFORMIS.
4. A.CREMASTERICA.
5. LYMPH

PEMBUNGKUS FUNICULUS
SPERMATICUS.
SCROTUM
FASCIA SPERMATICA EXTERNA
(fascia M.obliquus abdominis externus)
FASCIA/M. CREMASTERICA
(fascia m.obliquus abdominis internus)
FASCIA SPERMATICA INTERNA
(fascia transversalis)
TUNICA VAGINALIS (peritoneum)
VASCULARISASI
A.CREMASTERICA
A.SPERMATICA INTERNA
R.SCROTALIS ANTERIOR
CABANG DARI A. PUDENDA EXTERNA.
R.SCROTALIS POSTRIOR
CABANG DARI A.PUDENDA INTERNA.
Penis
Tubular Organ :
Passed by urethrae
Passages urine
Introduces semen into
female vagina
Three segment:
Radix penis
Corpus penis
Glans penis
Blood Supply of Penis
A. BULBOURETHRALIS
A. PROFUNDA PENIS.
A. DORSALIS PENIS.
INNERVATION
N.DORSALIS PENIS.
R.PROFUNDA N.PERINEALIS.
R.ANTERIOR N.ILIOINGUINALIS.
SPERM TRANSPORT
TUBULUS SEMINIFERUS TUB.RECTI

RETE TESTIS DUCTUS EFFEREN

EPIDYDIMIS (storages and maturation)

DUCTUS DEFERENS DUCTUS

EJACULATORIUS URETHRA

Organs of the Female Reproductive
System
Ovaries

Uterine tubes
Fallopian tubes

Uterus

Vagina

External
genitalia
The Female Reproductive
System
Produces sex hormones and functional
gametes

Protects and supports developing
embryo

Nourishes newborn infant

Ovaries
The functions :
Production of
immature female
gametes
(oocytes)
Secretion of
female sex
hormones
(estrogens,
progestins)
Oogenesis
Also called ovum
production
Begins before birth
Accelerates at puberty
Ends at menopause
Ovarian Cycle
Includes monthly
oogenesis:
between puberty and
menopause
Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes
Fallopian tubes or
oviducts

Are hollow, muscular
tubes about 13 cm long

Transport oocyte from
ovary to uterus
Three Segments of the Uterine
Tube
1. Infundibulum:
an expanded funnel near ovary
fimbriae fingerlike processes
surrounding entrance to
uterine tube
Inner surfaces lined with cilia:
beat toward middle segment
2. Ampulla:
middle segment
smooth muscle layers in wall
become thicker approaching
uterus
3. Isthmus:
a short segment between
ampulla and uterine wall
Functions of the Uterine Tubes
Involves:
ciliary movement
peristaltic contractions in walls of uterine tube
From infundibulum to uterine cavity:
normally takes 34 days
For fertilization to occur:
secondary oocyte must meet spermatozoa during
first 1224 hours
Fertilization typically occurs:
near boundary between ampulla and isthmus
Uterus
Provides for
developing embryo
(weeks 18) and fetus
(week 9 through
delivery):
1. mechanical protection
2. nutritional support
3. waste removal
Regions of the Uterus
1. Body
Also called corpus
Is largest portion of uterus
Ends at isthmus
2. Fundus
Is rounded portion of uterine
body:
superior to attachment of uterine
tubes
3. Cervix
Is inferior portion of uterus
Extends from isthmus to vagina
Distal end projects about 1.25 cm
into vagina
Vagina
Is an elastic, muscular tube
Extends between cervix and
vestibule
7.59 cm long
Highly distensible
Cervix
projects into vaginal canal
Fornix
is shallow recess surrounding
cervical protrusion
Lies parallel to:
rectum, posteriorly
urethra, anteriorly
Functions of the Vagina
1. Passageway for elimination of
menstrual fluids
2. Receives spermatozoa during sexual
intercourse
3. Forms inferior portion of birth canal

The Female External Genitalia
Mons Pubis and Labia
Majora
Form outer limits of vulva:
protect and cover inner
structures
contain adipose tissue
Sebaceous glands and
apocrine sweat glands:
secrete onto inner surface
of labia majora
The Female External Genitalia
Labia Minora
Small folds
Covered with smooth, hairless skin
Clitoris
A small protruberance in vestibule
Has same embryonic structures as penis
Extensions of labia minora:
form prepuce or hood
The Female External Genitalia
Vestibule
Is a central space bounded by the labia
minora
Glands
Paraurethral (Skenes) glands :discharge
into urethra near external opening
Vestibularis (Bartholins) glands :
discharge into vagina opening


Mammary Glands - Breast
Lie in pectoral fat pads deep
to skin of chest
Modified apocrine sweat
glands
15 to 20 lobes divided by
connective tissue
Radial arrangement around nipple
Nipple on each breast
contains ducts from mammary
glands to surface
Areola
reddish-brown skin around each
nipple