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Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.




Assoc. Prof. Dr Mohd Dahlan A.
Malek
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Introduction
Syllabus
CV
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Introduction
Psychology
Social
Society
Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

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Introduction
APA
Division 8-Society for Personality and Social
Psychology
The Society for Personality and Social
Psychology (SPSP) was founded in 1974 when
the leadership of Division 8 of the American
Psychological Association decided to
incorporate as an independent organization.
Today, SPSP includes more than 7,000
members from around the world who study a
wide array of subfields

Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

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The Society for Personality and Social
Psychology promotes scientific research
that explores how people think, behave,
feel, and interact.
Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

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Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

What is Social Psychology?
What is the difference
between Sociology
and Social
Psychology?

How do our values
enter into the study of
Social Psychology?


What are the main
areas of research
today?
1. Social Thinking
2. Social Influence
3. Social Relations
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Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

What Are Social Psychologys Big Lessons?
We construct our
social
reality/react/think
differently
Our social intuitions
are often powerful but
sometimes
perilous/unsafe (9/11)
Social influences
shape our behavior
(spent talking)

Personal attitudes and
dispositions/character
also shape behavior
Social behavior is
biologically rooted
Social psychologys
principles are
applicable to everyday
life and other
disciplines
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Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Social Psychology and Human Values
Obvious ways in which values
enter-choose research topic
Not-so-obvious ways in which
values enter
The subjective aspects of science
Psychological concepts contain
hidden values (research based)
Systematic observation and
experimentation are needed to
check our ideas against reality
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Social psychology - uses scientific methods
to understand and explain how feeling,
behavior and thoughts of people are
influenced by the actual, imagined or
implied presence of other people.
A social psychologist will look at group
behavior, social perception, non-verbal
behavior, conformity, aggression, prejudice,
and leadership. Social perception and social
interaction are seen as key to understanding
social behavior.


Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

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Put simply, social psychology studies the
impact of social influences on human
behavior.

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Society, or a human society, is a group of
people related to each other through
persistent relations, or a large social
grouping sharing the same geographical or
virtual territory, subject to the same political
authority and dominant cultural
expectations.
Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

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Human societies are characterized by
patterns of relationships (social relations)
between individuals who share a distinctive
culture and institutions; a given society may
be described as the sum total of such
relationships among its constituent
members.
In the social sciences, a larger society often
evinces stratification and/or dominance
patterns in subgroups.

Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

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Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Is Social Psychology Simply
Common Sense?
Hindsight bias
The tendency to exaggerate, after learning an
outcome, ones ability to have foreseen it
The I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon
Falling in Love

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Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

How Do We Do Social Psychology?
Forming and Testing Hypotheses

Theory: An integrated set of principles that
explain and predict observed events
Hypothesis: A testable proposition that
describes the relationship that may exist
between events
Research may take place in the field or in a
laboratory
Two primary research methods are
correlational and experimental


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Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Correlational Research:
Detecting Natural Associations
Correlational Research:
Study naturally occurring
relationships among
variables
Allow prediction; do NOT
infer causation
Survey Research:
Random samples help
obtain a representative
group
Unrepresentative samples
Concerns:
Order of
questions
Response options
Framing
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Understanding Correlations
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Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Experimental Research:
Searching for Cause and Effect
Control: Manipulating Variables
Independent and Dependent Variables
Random Assignment
Ethical Concerns:
Mundane/Experimental Realism
Deception
Demand Characteristics
Informed Consent
Potential Harm
Confidentiality
Debriefing
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Understanding Experiments
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Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Two Methods of Doing Research:
Correlational and Experimental
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Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Things to Consider in Social
Psychological Research
Theory
Hypothesis
Population
Sample
Representative sample
Random sample
Random assignment
Blind procedures
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Survey
Placebo effects
Third variables
Causation
Reliability
Validity
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Discussion
SMS video
Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

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Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Supplemental Slides
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Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Perspectives on Research in
Social Psychology
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The Research Process
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Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

The Research Process
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Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Understanding Correlations
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Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Understanding Correlations
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Understanding Experiments

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Tugasan
Tugasan Kumpulan 1-video ringkas minit
Tajuk Tugasan 2
Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.