ASHRAE 52 Air Filters

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Sales Engineer Training Program All rights Reserved Copyright 1999 by York International Inc.
Air Filters
SETP 2004
Stephanie Shenefelt
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Agenda
Filtration Principles

Why Filter?

Filter Ratings

Filter Types (Availability in YW)

Filter Applications

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Impingement (Inertial Impaction)

Straining

Diffusion

Electrostatic Attraction
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Impingement (Inertial
Impaction)
Air flows around filter media
Particles in airstream resist
direction change
Inertia causes particles to
impact filter fibers
Affects larger particles more
than smaller particles
Minimum velocity
Filter fibers can be coated with
adhesive to help process
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Straining
Fiber openings smaller than
particles
Particles trapped and collected in
filter media
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Diffusion
Sub-micron particles
Brownian motion
Brownian motion indiscriminate motion occurring with particulate
matter, due to extraneous surrounding molecular activity. Applies to
particles not exceeding 0.2 micron. Effect is reduced as air velocity
increases.
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Electrostatic Attraction
Dust particles pick up charge
Charged particles are attracted to charged filter fibers
Most filters require an induced electrical field to provide
the charge
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Why Filter?
Remove airborne contaminants

Avoid sick building syndrome

Keep HVAC equipment clean
Lower energy consumption
Reduce maintenance costs
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Why Filter?
Airborne contaminants:
Dust (solid, granular particles)
Smoke (incomplete combustion products)
Fumes (small, solid particles)
Fog (small, liquid particles formed from condensed
vapors)
Mist (like fog, larger particles)
Living organisms
viruses
bacteria
fungal spores
pollens
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Filter Ratings
Arrestance (filter dust holding capacity)

Efficiency (% of atmospheric contaminants removed)

MERV

Air flow resistance (airside pressure drop)
30% efficient, 98% arrestance
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Filter Rating
Arrestance - %, by weight, of ASHRAE Synthetic test dust
that is held by a filter before the resistance rises to its final
rated PD
More applicable to low efficiency filters
Larger particles account for most of the weight
Affects filter service life
service life - time between filter installation and replacement

2 Pleated Filter 4 Pleated Filter
Efficiency 30% 30%
Arrestance 90% 95%
Service Life 4 mo 8 mo
Airside Pressure Drop
(clean)
0.3 0.6

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Filter Rating
Efficiency - percent of atmospheric contaminants
removed (not size specific)
Measured by the discoloration of two white paper
targets (ASHRAE 52.1)
Always specified in bid documents

20% efficient 30% efficient 65% efficient 95% efficient
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Filter Rating
MERV: Minimum Efficiency Rating Value
Introduced by ASHRAE Standard 52.2.
Based on Particle Size Efficiency - the filters ability to
remove airborne particles in specific size ranges from 0.3
to 10 microns
Source: Heating/Piping/AirConditioning October 1999
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Filter Rating
Increased APD => Decreased air flow
Increased APD => Increased fan horsepower
Increased face area => Reduced APD
Increased efficiency => Increased APD

APD = Airside Pressure Drop
High APD
Low APD
Resistance - measure the pressure drop across the filter
due to the opposition of the filter (inches of water, gauge
w.g.)
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Filter Manufacturer
American Air Filter - standard airside
product filter manufacturer

Filter data can be found at www.aafintl.com
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Pre-filters
Pleated 30% eff (MERV 6)
Perfect Pleat
Consistent, self-supporting DuraFlex media
No wire support
Safer handling
Avoid Rust
Totally incinerable
Cleanable (MERV 1)
Permanent Metal Air Filters
Aluminum (std) & with drain holes
High moisture applications
Easy to handle/clean
Throwaway (MERV 4)
5700
Fiberglass media
Extra heavy dust
Filter Types
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Filter Types
Throwaway, panel
construction
Pleated (2PerfectPleat or
4AmAir 200E)
Cleanable

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AF Segment in YorkWorks
Filter Types
Only 2

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FF Segment in YorkWorks
Filter Types
2 - three options
4 - pleated only

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Higher efficiency filters:
4 Mini-pleat VariCel II
efficiency: 60-65% 80-85% 90-95%
MERV: 11 13 14
12 Rigid - VariCel
efficiency: 60-65% 80-85% 90-95%
MERV: 11 13 14
21 Bag DriPak
efficiency: 60-65% 80-85% 90-95%
MERV: 11 13 14

Filter Types
Ultra-fine glass fiber media
Corrugated aluminum separators
Metal sides, steel header
Ultra-fine glass fiber media
Non-supported extended surface
Micro-glass paper with water
repellant binder media
Foil laminated fiber board frame
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Filter Types
Bag
Rigid, cartridge
Mini-pleat
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RF Segment in YorkWorks
Filter Types
4 options:
2 pleated
2 cleanable
2 throwaway
4 pleated
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RF Segment in YorkWorks
Filter Types
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Filter Types
HEPA High Efficiency
Particulate Air Filter
High capacity AstroCel HCX
11.5 deep 500 fpm @1.4 w.g.
Each filter tested at AAF
Extruded aluminum bevel-welded
frames from AAF (Solution)
Front-loading only
Minimum efficiency on 0.3 micron
particles: 99.97% (MERV 17)
99.99% (MERV 18)
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Filter Types
HF Segment in YorkWorks
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Filter Types
Roll
Electrostatic
Gaseous contaminant
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Carbon Filters
Gaseous and odor control
Pre/carbon/post filter configuration
Three options
Disposable
AAF AmAir/C 2 directly interchangeable
Rechargeable
FARR Riga-sorb 80R
Incinerable
FARR Riga-sorb 80D totally disposable
Filter Types
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CF Segment in YorkWorks
Filter Types

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Filter Applications
Cartridge
Filter
Pleated Pre-Filter
Airflow
Airflow
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Filter Applications
Cartridge Filter
Used in varying airflow
applications because
pleats wont collapse when
airflow decreases
Bag Filter
Used only in constant
airflow applications so
that bags dont collapse
and rub
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