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An admixture is defined as a material other than water, hydraulic cement, and aggregates that used as an ingredient of concrete. Additives are added to cement during manufacturing to get new property for cement and admixtures are added to mix during mixing.
An admixture is defined as a material other than water, hydraulic cement, and aggregates that used as an ingredient of concrete. Additives are added to cement during manufacturing to get new property for cement and admixtures are added to mix during mixing.
An admixture is defined as a material other than water, hydraulic cement, and aggregates that used as an ingredient of concrete. Additives are added to cement during manufacturing to get new property for cement and admixtures are added to mix during mixing.
The Definition of admixture and additive are same. An admixture is defined as a material other than water, hydraulic cement, and aggregates that used as an ingredient of concrete and is added to the batch immediately before or during mixing concrete. The difference between admixtures and additives is additives are added to cement during manufacturing to get new property for cement and admixtures are added to mix during mixing to get new property to the fresh concrete.
To improve workability of fresh concrete To improve durability by entrainment of air To reduce the water required To accelerate setting & hardening & thus to produce high early strength To cause dispersion of the cement particles when mixed with water To improve wear resistance (hardness) To offset / reduce shrinkage during setting & hardening To cause expansion of concrete and automatic prestressing of steel To aerate mortar / concrete to produce a light-weight product To impart colour to concrete To offset or reduce some chemical reaction To reduce bleeding
A. Chemical Admixtures 1. Water-reducing admixtures Concrete containing a water-reducing admixture needs less water to reach a required slump than untreated concrete.The treated concrete can have a lower water-cement ratio. This usually indicates that a higher strength concrete can be produced without increasing the amount of cement. Water-reducing admixtures can be used to increase set time in hot weather.
Retarding admixtures slow the setting rate of concrete. High temperatures often cause an increased rate of hardening which makes placing and finishing difficult. Retarders keep concrete workable during placement and delay the initial set of concrete. Retarders are beneficially used in hot weather conditions in order to overcome accelerating effects of higher temperatures and large masses of concrete on concrete setting time.
In the concrete Accelerating admixture use to increase the rate of early strength development, reduce the time required for proper curing , and speed up the start of finishing operations. Accelerating admixtures are especially useful for modifying the properties of concrete in cold weather.
Fly Ash Concrete made with fly ash creates a denser product because the size of the pores are reduced. This increases strength and reduces permeability. Silica Fume When silica fume is added to fresh concrete it chemically reacts with the CH to produces additional CSH. The benefit of this reaction is twofold; increased compressive strength and chemical resistance.
The application of pozzolanic in Portland cement is mainly controlled by the local availability of suitable deposits and the competition with the accessible industrial by-product supplementary cementitious materials. In part due to the exhaustion of the latter sources and the extensive reserves of pozzolana available, partly because of the proven technical advantages of an intelligent use of pozzolana, their use is expected to be strongly expanded in the future.
ASTM C 494, Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete, classifies admixtures into seven types as follows: Type A : Water reducing admixture (Plasticizer) Type B : Retarding Admixture Type C : Accelerating Admixture Type D : Water Reducing and Retarding Admixture, Type E : Water Reducing and Accelerating Admixture, Type F : Water Reducing and High Range Admixture, Type G : Water Reducing, High Range and Retarding
These admixtures are used for following purposes: To achieve a higher strength by decreasing the water cement ratio at the same workability as an admixture free mix. To achieve the same workability by decreasing the cement content so as to reduce the heat of hydration in mass concrete. To increase the workability so as to ease placing in accessible locations
Type B Retarding Admixtures Retarding admixtures are use to slow the hydration process therefore the set time of concrete. This is especially useful for counteracting the effects of high temperatures, which cause concrete to harden at a faster rate. Since most retarders also act as water reducers, they are often called water-reducing retarders.
An admixture which, when added to concrete, mortar, or grout, increases the rate of hydration of hydraulic cement, shortens the time of set in concrete, or increases the rate of hardening or strength development.
Retarding admixtures cause a decrease in the hydration rate of hydraulic cement and an decrease in the setting time of concrete. Retarders are used to offset the effect of high temperature and improve the workability of concrete in warmer temperatures. Benefits of retarders include reduced cold joints and better finish in hot weather.
An admixture that reduces the quantity of mixing water required to produce concrete of a given slump and speeds up the setting and early strength development of concrete.
An admixture that reduces the quantity of mixing water required to produce concrete with consistency by 12 percent
Type G Water-reducing, high-range, and retarding admixtures.
a. Cementitious
These have cementing properties themselves. For example: Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)
b. Pozzolanic A pozzolan is a material which, when combined with calcium hydroxide (lime), exhibits cementitious properties. Pozzolans are commonly used as an addition (the technical term is "cement extender") to Portland cement concrete mixtures to increase the long-term strength and other material properties of Portland cement concrete and in some cases reduce the material cost of concrete. The Examples are Fly ash Silica Fume Rice Husk
Ground granulated blast-furnace slag is the granular material formed when molten iron blast furnace slag (a by-product of iron and steel making) is rapidly chilled (quenched) by immersion in water. It is a granular product, highly cementitious in nature and, ground to cement fineness, hydrates like Portland cement. d. Fly Ash
The finely divided residue resulting from the combustion of ground or powdered coal. Fly ash is generally captured from the chimneys of coal-fired power plants; it has pozzolanic properties, and is sometimes blended with cement for this reason. Fly ash includes substantial amounts of silicon dioxide (SiO2) (both amorphous and crystalline) and calcium oxide (CaO).
e. Silica Fume
It is highly active and combine with calcium hydroxide, the soluble product of cement hydration, to form more calcium slicate hydrate. This is the insoluble product of cement hydration. These are used to replace a part of portland cement in concrete mixes. Silica fume is a by product resulting from the manufacture of ferro silicon alloys and silicon metal in electric arc furnaces. Both fly ash and silica fume have been important in the production of high strength cement.When these are used, then we will refer to water cementitious material ratio rather than water cement ratio.
f. Rice Husk Ash
This is a bio waste from the husk left from the grains of rice. It is used as a pozzolanic material in cement to increase durability and strength. The silica is absorbed from the ground and gathered in the husk where it makes a structure and is filled with cellulose. When cellulose is burned, only silica is left which is grinded to fine powder which is used as pozzolana.
The benefits derived from the use of admixtures including coloring, extended set time, greater concrete strength, improved reduction in water and cement requirement, reduced bleed- water, increased flow for the same water-to-cement ratio, easier pumping, water-proofing, improved fire resistance, cracking control, lower density, and greater workability. The primary benefit of a particular admixture is generally self-evident from the type of admixture, such as a retardant or a water reducer admixture.
When using admixtures, and particularly combinations of admixtures in the concrete, requires attention knowledge in order to utilize admixtures successfully and avoid compromising the finished concrete. Admixtures just change the performance of concrete by modifying its characteristics but they cant change the quality of concrete. Some admixtures may have a questionable impact on the environment. Super-plasticizers, for example, may pollute groundwater and surface waters.
1. An admixture is defined as a material other than , .. , and aggregates that used as an ingredient of concrete and is added to the batch immediately before or during mixing concrete. 2. . are beneficially used in hot weather conditions in order to overcome accelerating effects of higher temperatures and large masses of concrete on concrete setting time. 3. Mention types of admixture based on ASTM C 494 ! 4. When is added to fresh concrete it chemically reacts with the CH to produces additional CSH. The benefit of this reaction is twofold; increased compressive strength and chemical resistance. 5. . cause a decrease in the hydration rate of hydraulic cement and an increase in the setting time of concrete.