Cognitive and Software Radio

Critical Research Issues in SDR and

Cognitive Radio
Efficient and flexible SDR hardware
Software architectures and waveform
development tools
Testing and security of software
Sensing technologies
Intelligence for Radios
Intelligence for Networks
An Open Systems Approach for Rapid
Prototyping Waveforms for SDR
Faculty: J.H. Reed, W.H.
Tranter, R.M. Buehrer, and
C.B. Dietrich
Funding: NSF, SAIC,
Tektronix, TI, ONR
Description: Work is
ongoing in four major areas:
Open Source SCA Core
Framework (OSSIE)
Rapid Prototyping Tools
for SCA Components and
Waveforms
Component and Device
Library
Software Defined Radio
Education



A Cognitive Radio Through
Hardware Adaptation
Faculty: P. Athanas
Funding: Harris
Corporation (Melbourne,
FL)
Description: Hardware
adaptation will be
accomplished by sensing
link statistics and multi-
tasking radio management
functions within the Harris
Morpheus System-in-a-
Package SDR.
The architecture of transmitter
and receiver on the Morpheus
software defined radio
Cooperative Game Theory for
Distributed Spectrum Sharing
Faculty: Luiz A. DaSilva,
Allen MacKenzie

Description: We utilize
cooperative game theory
to model situations where
wireless nodes need to
agree on a fair allocation of
existing spectrum
Find out more: J. Suris et al., Cooperative
Game Theory for Distributed Spectrum
Sharing, under review (available upon
request), 2006.
Trustworthy Spectrum Sharing in
Software Defined Radio Networks
Faculty: J.-M. Park, T. Hou,
J. Reed
Funding: NSF
Description: The emergence
of Software Defined Radio
(SDR) technology raises new
security implications. In this
project, we study security
issues that pose the greatest
threat when an adversary is
able to install malicious
software or modify already
installed software on an SDR,
with particular focus on
threats that cannot be
addressed using
cryptographic techniques.
Read more: R. Chen and J.-M. Park, Ensuring
trustworthy spectrum sensing in cognitive radio
networks, IEEE Workshop on Networking
Technologies for Software Defined Radio
Networks (held in conjunction with IEEE
SECON 2006), Sep. 2006.
Sensing
terminal
Incumbent
signal
transmitter
.
.
.
Sensing
terminal
Sensing
terminal
Data collector
(Fusion center)
Data fusion Final spectrum
sensing result
Distributed Spectrum Sensing
Adversaries
Incumbent Emulation attack: A
malicious terminal emits signals that
emulate the characteristics of the
incumbents signal.
Spectrum Sensing Data Falsification
attack: A malicious terminal sends
false local spectrum sensing results
to the fusion center.
Local
spectrum
sensing
results
Signals with the
same characteristics
as incumbent signals
False local
spectrum
sensing results
Game-theoretic Framework for
Interference Avoidance
Faculty: A. B. MacKenzie,
R. M. Buehrer, J. H. Reed
Funding: ONR, ETRI

Description: We use
game theory models to
investigate and develop
waveform adaptation
schemes for interference
avoidance in distributed
and spectrum sharing
networks.
Read more: R. Menon, A. B. MacKenzie, R. M.
Buehrer and J.H. Reed, A game-theoretic
framework for interference avoidance in ad-hoc
networks, Globecom 2006.
Distributed Spectrum Sensing for
Cognitive Radio Systems
Faculty: Claudio da Silva

Description: This project will
establish detection limits of
distributed spectrum sensing for
cognitive radio systems. Specific
research objectives are to:
design signal processing methods
at the node level,
design data fusion techniques,
design algorithms for the
transmission of spectrum sensing
information, and
evaluate the reliability and
complexity of the spectrum
sensing stage.
Application of Artificial Intelligence
to the Development of Cognitive
Radio engine
Faculty: J. H. Reed
Funding: Army Research
Office

Description: we have
investigated the applicability of
artificial intelligence
algorithms to the development
of cognitive radio engine.
Identify the suitability of
the AI techniques for the
various cognitive radio
tasks observing, orienting,
deciding, and learning.
One of the key results is that a robust cognitive
engine relies on the combination of several
artificial intelligence algorithms Our team is
building a cognitive engine leveraging the
knowledge gathered through this research.

Case-based
learning
Genetic
algorithms
HMM, data
mining
Search-based
learning
Knowledge-
based learning
Radio
Environment
Map (REM)
Observations
Cooperative
learning
Parameters
optimization
or tradeoff
Prediction,
planning
Collaborate with
other nodes
Case
Memory
Domain
Knowledge
Base
Neural
network
Situation awareness
and information base
Learning and reasoning Decision and adaptation
IEEE 802.22 WRAN Cognitive Engine
and Supporting Algorithms
Faculty: J. H. Reed
Funding: ETRI

Description: we are
developing cognitive
engine (CE) and
supporting algorithms for
IEEE 802.22 WRAN system.
The CE is capable of
perceiving current radio
environment, planning,
learning, and acting
according to its goals
and current radio
environment.

A typical radio environment for cognitive
WRAN system: WRAN should be aware of
all the local radio activities surrounding
the system so that it can enable the
coexistence of primary users and
secondary users.

WRAN Repeater
TV Station
WRAN
Base Station

WRAN
Base Station

WRAN CPE
Wireless
MIC

TV Station

Grade B
Contour of TV station
TV Receiver
Public Safety
Radios
IEEE 802.22 WRAN Cognitive Engine
and Supporting Algorithms
Cognitive engine
Decide, learn, and plan
Supporting algorithms
Spectrum sensing:
detection and
classification techniques
REM-enabled cognition
Waveform and power
adaptation techniques

HMMSignal Type 1
HMMSignal Type 2
HMMSignal TypeN
ChooseMaximum
LogLikelihood
Decision
(Signal
existence
andtype)
Evaluatespectral
coherencefunction
Extract SCFfeature

Wide range SNR (-9dB ~9dB)

signals are coming and mixed
down IF level
Trained with specific signal type.
For instance, HMM for AM with 9dB
Trained with specific signal type.
For instance, HMM for QPSK with 9dB [ ] profile( ) max ( ) X
f
C f
a
a =
1/ 2
0 0
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
X
X
X X
C
S f
S f S f
a
a
a a
=

+ -


Case Library
Search Agent
Event
Environm
ent Data
Utility
query
store
Action
Cognitive Engine
Adaptation Algorithm
Detection & Classification
Application of Artificial Intelligence
to the Development of Cognitive
Radio engine
Faculty: J. H. Reed
Funding: Army Research
Office

Description: we have
investigated the applicability of
artificial intelligence
algorithms to the development
of cognitive radio engine.
Identify the suitability of
the AI techniques for the
various cognitive radio
tasks observing, orienting,
deciding, and learning.
One of the key results is that a robust cognitive
engine relies on the combination of several
artificial intelligence algorithms Our team is
building a cognitive engine leveraging the
knowledge gathered through this research.

Case-based
learning
Genetic
algorithms
HMM, data
mining
Search-based
learning
Knowledge-
based learning
Radio
Environment
Map (REM)
Observations
Cooperative
learning
Parameters
optimization
or tradeoff
Prediction,
planning
Collaborate with
other nodes
Case
Memory
Domain
Knowledge
Base
Neural
network
Situation awareness
and information base
Learning and reasoning Decision and adaptation
Cognitive Radio for Public Safety
Faculty: C. W. Bostian,
M. Hsiao, A. B. MacKenzie
Funding: NIJ
Description: We are
developing a public safety
cognitive radio that is
aware of the RF
environment, identifying
activity in public safety
bands, and configures
itself to needed
combinations of waveform
and network parameters.

Read more: Thomas W. Rondeau, et. al. Cognitive
Radios in Public Safety and Spectrum Management
33rd Research Conference on Communications,
Information, and Internet Policy, 2005
Cognitive Engine
Faculty: C. W. Bostian,
S. Ball, M. Hsiao,
A. B. MacKenzie
Funding: NSF
Description: We are
developing a cognitive
engine, a software package
that reads a software
defined radios meters
and turns its knobs
intelligently adapting and
learning from experience in
order to achieve user goals
within operational legal
limits.
Read more: T.W. Rondeau, B.Le, C.J. Rieser, and
C.W. Bostian, Cognitive Radios with Genetic
Algorithms; Intelligent Control of Software Defined
Radios, Software Defined Radio Forum, Phoenix, AZ,
Nov. 15-18, 2004.

Cognitive Networks
Faculty: Luiz DaSilva, A.
B. MacKenzie
Funding: NSF, DARPA
(pending)

Description: we are
developing cognitive
networks, capable of
perceiving current network
conditions and then
planning, learning, and
acting according to end-to-
end goals.

Read more: R. Thomas et al., Cognitive
networks: adaptation and learning to achieve
end-to-end performance objectives, IEEE
Communications Magazine, Dec. 2006
Unlicensed Wide Area Networks Using
Cognitive Radios and Available
Resource Maps
Faculty: Claudio da Silva and Jeff
Reed
Funding: Texas Instruments

Description: we are developing a
new unlicensed wide area network
(UWAN-ARM) based on cognitive
radio and available resource maps
that brings together the best
attributes of licensed and
unlicensed technologies into a new
wireless paradigm.
Dynamic Spectrum Sharing
Faculty: R. M. Buehrer, J.
H. Reed
Funding: ONR, ETRI

Description: We have
developed a framework to
investigate and identify
desirable characteristics for
dynamic spectrum sharing
techniques. Desirability is
with respect to impact on
legacy system as well as
capacity of SS network.
Read more: R. Menon, R. M. Buehrer and J. H.
, Outage probability based comparison of
underlay and overlay spectrum sharing
techniques, IEEE DySPAN 2005, pp. 101-109.
Application of Game Theory to the
Analysis and Design of MANETs
Faculty: J. Reed, R. Gilles,
L. A. DaSilva, A. B.
MacKenzie
Funding: ONR, NSF

Description: We are
developing techniques for
analyzing and designing
MANET and cognitive radio
algorithms in a network
setting.
More information at
www.mprg.org/gametheory
19
Rapid Prototyping for SCA
Development
Faculty: Cameron Patterson
Description: We are
working with BAE, The
Mathworks, and Zeligsoft to
investigate a model-based
design flow for SCA radios.
Simulink and Component
Enabler are used to build
models that are linked with
glue code and implemented
in an SCA environment.
CORBA CORBA
SCA Skeleton
Simulink
SCA Component
Simulink
Glue Glue