1

OUT LINE OF THE PRESENTATION

Introduction

Mathematical Formulation

Isothermal-isothermal walls
Isoflux-isothermal walls
Isothermal-isoflux walls

Results and Discussion

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Prof Narasimna Murthy @ BahirDar University
1. INTRODUCTION
The study of non-Newtonian fluids has received much
attention due to their many practical applications in
medical sciences, engineering and technology, such as
liquid crystals, fluid film lubrication etc. In the category
of non-Newtonian fluids, couple stress fluid has distinct
features such as polar effects in addition to possessing
large viscosity. The consideration of couple stress in
addition to Cauchy stress has led to the recent
development of several theories of fluid micro-continua.

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The couple stress fluid model has wide applications in bio-fluids,
colloidal fluids and in engineering for pumping fluids such as synthetic
lubricants. Studies on natural convection in a vertical channel with non-
Newtonian fluid are relatively sparse compared to the problem with
Newtonian fluid. Malashetty and Umavathi (1999) analyzed the effects
of couple stresses on free convective flow in a vertical channel.
Umavathi (2000) analyzed the free convection flow of electrically
conducting couple stress fluid in a vertical channel. Recently, Umavathi
(2002) studied the free convective couple stress fluid flow between
vertical parallel plates in the presence of temperature dependent heat
source. Umavathiet. al. (2004) also carried out the convective flow of
two immiscible viscous and couple stress fluids through a vertical
channel.

In spite of the various applications of non-Newtonian fluids much work
has not been found in the literature on mixed convection flows. Hence
the present objective is to study the problem of mixed convection couple
stress fluid in a vertical channel in the presence of heat generation or
heat absorption.


Prof Narasimna Murthy @ BahirDar University
PHYSICAL CONFIGURATION
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2. Mathematical Formulation


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Results and
Discussion

The theory of couple stress fluid due to Stokes is used to formulate
a set of boundary layer equations for a flow of incompressible,
couple stress fluid in a vertical channel for mixed convection.
Analytical solutions are obtained using perturbation technique valid
for small value of .
Figures 1 and 2 show the effect of for .When the flow is
upward, and are positive and on the other hand, the flow is
downward when the and are negative. It is very interesting to
note that there is a flow reversal at both the boundaries for
positive, which is different from the result for viscous fluid where
there is a flow reversal for positive only at cool wall.
We observe that for purely viscous fluid for =-500 the flow
reversal was at the hot wall whereas for couple stress fluid there is a
flow reversal both at left and right walls. The effect of on the flow
for couple stress fluid is dominating compare to viscous fluid both
on velocity and temperature. The profile of temperature are
significant for couple stress fluid for different where as the
profiles were not sensible for different .



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500 =
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Figures 7 illustrate the influence of couple stress
parameter a with isoflux-isothermal and
isothermal-isoflux wall conditions for
and .

It is seen that as a increases the flow is assisted
for positive and suppresses for negative at
the reversal side. Also, as a increases
temperature decreases for both

The effect of a on velocity and temperature for
isoflux-isothermal case is similar to that for
isothermal-isoflux wall conditions as seen in
Figure 7.


Prof Narasimna Murthy @ BahirDar University 29
1 . 0 , 500 = = c
1 = =
tq qt
R R
c
-0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2
-9
-6
-3
0
3
6
9
12
= 500
= -500
Rt = 1
| = 5
a = 4


Fig. 1 Plots of u versus y in the case of asymmetric heating for different values of and c
y
u
c = 0, -0.1 c = 0, 0.1
c = 8
c = -8
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o

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-0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
u
y
Fig.. 2 Plots of u versus y in the case of asymmetric heating for different values of and c

= 500
= -500
Rt = 1
| = 5
a = 4
c = -8
c = 8
c = 0.1, -0.1
c = 0
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o

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-0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
c = 0, 0.1, -0.1
| = 10, c = -8
| = 5, c = -8
| = 10, c = 8
| = 5, c = 8
u
y
Fig. 3 Plots of u versus y in the case of asymmetric heating
for different values of heat generation coefficient | and c
= 500
= -500
Rt = 1
a = 4


d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
32 Prof Narasimna Murthy @ BahirDar University
-0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
u
Fig. 4 Plots of u versus y in the case of asymmetric heating
for different values of heat generation coefficient | and c
c = 0, 0.1, -0.1
| = 10, c = -8
| = 10, c = 8
| = 5, c = -8
| = 5, c = 8
y

= 500
= 500
Pt = 1
o = 4
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o

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-0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12 = 500
= -500
Rt = 1
| = 5
u
y
Fig. 5 Plots of u versus y in the case of asymmetric heating
for different values of couple stress parameter a
c = 0, 0.1, -0.1


a=4, c = -8
a=2, c = -8
a=2, c = 8
a=4, c = 8
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o

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-0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
= 500
= -500
Rt = 1
| = 5
u
c = 0, 0.1, -0.1
a=4, c = -8
a=2, c = -8
a=4, c = 8
a=2, c = 8
y

Fig. 6 Plots of u versus y in the case of asymmetric heating
for different values of couple stress parameter a
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o

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-0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2
-12
-9
-6
-3
0
3
6
9
a = 2, 2.5, 3
Fig. 7 plots of u versus y for different values of couple
stress parameter a for isoflux-isothermal case
a = 2, 2.5, 3
= 500 , c = 0.1
= -500 ,c = -0.1
Rt = 1
| = 5
u
y

d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o
d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o d e m o

Prof Narasimna Murthy @ BahirDar University
REFERENCES

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Prof Narasimna Murthy @ BahirDar University 37
[1] Barletta, A., Fully developed mixed convection and flow reversal in a vertical
rectangular duct with uniform wall heat flux. International Journal Heat Mass
Transfer, vol. 45, pp. 641654, 2002.
[2] Cheng, C.H., Kou, H.S., and Huang, W.H., Flow reversal and heat transfer of
fully developed mixed convection in vertical channels. Journal Thermo Physics Heat
Transfer, vol. 4, pp. 375383, 1990.
[3] Hamadah, T.T., and Wirtz, R.A., Analysis of laminar fully developed mixed
convection in a vertical channel with opposing buoyancy. ASME Journal Heat
Transfer, vol. 113, pp. 507510, 1991
[4] Barletta, A., Heat transfer by fully developed flow and viscous heating in a
vertical channel with prescribed wall heat fluxes, International Journal Heat Mass
Transfer, vol. 41, pp. 35013513, 1986.
[5] Barletta, A., Laminar mixed convection with viscous dissipation in a vertical
channel, International Journal Heat Mass Transfer, vol. 42, pp. 38733885, 1999.
[6] Aung, W., and Worku, G., Developing flow and flow reversal in a vertical
channel with asymmetric wall temperature. ASME Journal Heat Transfer, vol. 108,
299304, 1986
[7] Barletta, A., Laminar mixed convection with viscous dissipation in a vertical
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[8] Batchelor, G.K., Heat transfer by free convection across a closed cavity between
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[9] Cheng, K.C. and Wu, R.S., Viscous dissipation effects on convective instability
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