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Marxist political economy states that capitalism will eventually fail because factory owners and CEOs exploit labor to generate wealth for themselves. He believed that such exploitation leads to social unrest and class conflict. To ensure social and economic stability, he theorized, laborers should own and control the means of production. It treats class as tool of appropriation. State is seen as an agency or institution that manages and protects and advances the interests of capitalist.
Therefore Marxian interpretation of relationship between economic and politics centres on the idea of economic interests and the part they play in defining political agendas.
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Do the material interests of individual within the classes of workers and capitalists converge or conflict
Does the conflict that arises over material interests lead to challenge to social order of capitalism, or merely involve a shifting of power and benefit within capitalism.
Marx argues that the profit motive drives the capitalist to seek ways of increasing their share of output.
As a result profit increases, the real wage (subsistence) remains the same, as such his (worker) share of the product declines.
For investors/capitalists if profit making is not satisfactory, then they refrain from investing in new business activity. To him, falling wages means falling demand for consumption of good, implying falling aggregate demand.
And introduction of machinery affects working conditions of workers and increase unemployment.
This leads Marx to conclude that capitalist development produces immiseration and polarization of material conditions of two classes.
Finally he concludes that accumulation of wealth at one pole produces at the same time accumulation of misery, agony of toil, slavery, ignorance, brutality, mental degradation at the opposite pole.
Historical Materialism
Historical materialism
The core belief is that the welfare of citizen (worker and citizen) can be advanced by gradually rationalizing the economy.