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Deepanshu Melana

2008JE0311
19 AUG 2009
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Contents
What is Tsunami?
Causes
Energy and speed of Tsunami
Tsunami’s generation
The Indian ocean tsunami
Tsunami warning system

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What is a Tsunami?
 A Japanese word represented by two words

tsu & nami

tsu means harbor


&
nami means wave

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Definitio
n
A tsunami is a series of
ocean waves of
extremely long wave
length and long period
generated in a body of
water by an impulsive
disturbance that
displaces the water.

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Causes
Earthquake
Landslide
Volcanic Eruption
Space born objects
{such as meteorites,
asteroids and comets
}

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Scientific Term

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Difference between tsunami waves
and wind waves
TSUNAMI WAVES WIND WAVES
 Mainly caused by earthquake  Caused by wind
 Wavelength 60-300 miles  Wavelength 300-600 ft
 Time period 5-60 minut  Time period 5-20 seconds
 Speed of 450-650 mph  Speed of 10-20 mph

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Calculating the Tsunami wave speed

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Tsunami’s Generation
Initiation

Split

Amplification

Run up
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1. Initiation

The potential energy that results from pushing


water above mean sea level is then
transferred to horizontal propagation of the
tsunami wave i.e. kinetic energy
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2. Split

The initial tsunami is split into a tsunami that


travels out to the deep ocean (distant
tsunami) and another tsunami that travels
towards the nearby coast (local tsunami) 13
3. Amplification

When tsunami waves travels over the continental


slope,
Its amplitude increases. In addition wavelength
decreases.
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4. Run up

Run-up is a measurement of the height of the


water onshore observed above a reference sea
level.
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Introduction
 Most destructive tsunami ever
 Earthquake in Indian Ocean of
magnitude 9.3
 Killed more than 300,000 people
 Displaced 1.6 million people
 Hit India, Thailand, Malaysia,
Indonesia, many Islands, and Africa
 Earthquake in Indian Ocean of
magnitude 9.0
 Rupture was ~1000 miles long

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The Rupture Process
Started at 00 hours 58 minute 47 second
GMT
Total area rupture is 250,000 km2
Average deformation is 10 mt.
Epic center
3.298 N latitude
95.779 E longitude
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Energy of earthquake
2nd largest earthquake
Moment magnitude of 9.3
Energy release is around 4.3 x 1018
joules

Energy of
tsunami
• 8000 km water displaced
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• Energy of this tsunami is 4.5


megatons of TNT
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Reasons for great loss of
life
a) Lack of public awareness

b) High population density

c) Lack of an early warning system

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No Tsunami Warning System
Exists For The Indian ocean!!

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Methodologies for
Tsunami
warning
Tide gauges
RRTRD (remotely reporting tsunami run-up detectors)
DART system
Satellites
Animals
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A DART system consists of a
seafloor bottom pressure
recording (BPR) system
capable of detecting tsunamis
as small as 1 cm, and a
moored surface buoy for real-
time communications. An
acoustic link is used to
transmit data from the BPR on
the seafloor to the surface
buoy. The data are then
relayed via a GOES satellite
link to ground stations, which
demodulate the signals for
immediate dissemination to 23
DART
System

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DART Program

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Satellite warning

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