Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
NATURE OF LANGUAGE
1. WHAT IS LANGUAGE?
A system for communicating i. Written languages use symbols to build words. ii. The entire set of words is the language's vocabulary. iii. The ways in which the words can be meaningfully combined is defined by the language's syntax and
grammar.
iv. The actual meaning of words and combinations of words is defined by the language's semantics.
Sign Language
Deaf people have developed sign languages that are complex visual-gestural forms of communicating with each other. Effective communication systems with
standardized rules
commercial and other reasons. combine a limited amount of the vocabulary and grammar of the different
languages.
language
vocabularies enlarge
Theories
Language learning is a matter of "making sense" of the data which the brain receives through the senses.
Language learning, therefore, is a mental process, and not a physical one. It cannot be
explained solely as the acquisition of a set of habits by the process of conditioning. (See also Bell, 1981, and Titone & Danesi, 1985 for further discussion). based on Chomsky's theory of competence and performance (see Chomsky 1959), in reaction against behaviorism.
methodologies.
Eclecticism, a recent trend in language teaching, has brought some degree of flexibility in language teaching methodology. It is an integration of approaches -behaviouristic, cognitive, and interpersonal.
Language Learner
Adults Have superior cognitive abilities Can handle abstract rules & concepts Longer attention spans More confidence teaching adults in class Able to understand more context-reduced segment of language. Children & Teens Needs more abstract operational thought Attention spans can be shorten due to other disturbances Need to consider their fragile self-esteem
Source: H. Douglas Brown. (2001). Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy- 2nd ed. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
Behaviourism
Behaviourism is primarily concerned with observable behaviour, as opposed to internal events like thinking. Behaviour is the result of stimulus response Behaviour is determined by the environment For the behaviourists, language learning is a matter of conditioning by means of imitation, practice, reinforcement, and habituation, which constitute (establish) the paces (steps) of language acquisition.
Source: Retrieved June 17, 2013 from http://soda.ustadistancia.edu.co/enlinea/MAURICIO_BUITRAGO_ingles_PSYCHOLINGUISTICS_PRIMER_MO MENTO/Behaviorist_theory_on_language_acquisition.pdf
Cognitivism
Focus on the mental activities of the learner. Humans possess a part in the brain that is responsible for the language development. Damage on this part will cause the language acquisition to be late or not develop at all. Language learning stress over efficient processing strategies.
Source: Elva V. Gonzalez. Behaviourism vs. Cognitivism: Theories of Learning. Powerpoint.
Social Constructivism
Culture gives the child the cognitive tools needed for development. Adults such as parents and teachers are conduits for the tools of the culture, including language. The tools the culture provides a child include cultural history, social context, and language. Today they also include electronic forms of information access.
Source: Retrieved June 17, 2013 from http://viking.coe.uh.edu/~ichen/ebook/et-it/social.htm
Humanism
Humanism is a paradigm/philosophy/pedagogical approach that believes learning is viewed as a personal act to fulfil ones potential.