In electricity supply, using extra-low voltage (ELV) is one of several means to protect against electrical shock.

The International Electro technical commission and its member organizations define an ELV circuit as one in which the electrical potential of any conductor against earth ( ground) is not more than either 50 Volts for alternating current or 120Volts for direct Current. With IT infrastructure gaining continual importance and being readily available in most buildings today, there is a strong push for the extra low voltage (ELV) systems to leverage on this infrastructure.

ELV wiring in domestic premises must be installed at a minimum distance of 50mm from LV wiring or have a separate insulating barrier such a conduit. Three types of extra-low-voltage systems are distinguished by their safety properties.
Separated or safety extra-low voltage (SELV) - an electrical system in which the voltage cannot exceed ELV under normal conditions, and under single-fault conditions Protected extra-low voltage (PELV) - an electrical system in which the voltage cannot exceed ELV under normal conditions, and under single-fault conditions, except earth faults in other circuits. Functional extra-low voltage (FELV) The term functional extra-low voltage (FELV) describes any other extra-lowvoltage circuit that does not fulfill the requirements for an SELV or PELV circuit.
Stand alone power systems Cabling for extra-low voltage systems, such as in Remote area power systems (RAPS), is designed to minimize energy losses while maximizing safety.

ELV INTEGRATION
For many years, voice and data systems were cabled separately. Now it is standard practice to use a common platform for both of these systems. Like the Voice and Data Systems of the past, the traditional construction process separately installs each of the BMS disciplines under various divisions of a specification. This means that multiple cabling systems and pathways are installed during the various stages of construction, which establishes one of the primary reasons for ELV Systems Integration i.e. (Integrated Cabling and pathways instead of individual systems). Also, the BMS vendors use Data Networking and LAN architectures which allow them to communicate over a Standard Ethernet LAN using the same TCP / IP protocol used by computers.

KEY ELEMENTS
The concept of an 'Intelligent Building' encompasses various automation systems for Building Control, Office, Communications, Security and Fire. An IB project generally covers three key elements.

Communications Network and Office Automation. Building Management System. Integrated Services Infrastructure.

Communications Network & Office Automation System The System includes office administration, Property Management, and Business Intelligence Systems that reduce heavy workloads and human error to enhance efficiency, quality and the working environment as a whole. Voice, Data, Video and Multimedia Information Services, such as Video Conferencing, Email and Electronic Data Exchange, are provided via the building's high-speed backbone network to the benefit of each office.

Building Management System Building Management System provides automatic monitoring, interaction and management for:

Electricity Ventilation Water supply Security Fire control

to the building.

BMS manages the following systems: Building Automation System (BAS) Security Automation System (SAS)

Fire Automation System (FAS)

Building Automation System (BAS)

The Building Automation System centralises the remote monitoring and control of all building facilities including electricity, lighting, plumbing, ventilation and airconditioning, water supply and drainage and environmental control systems - at a single control center. Seamless monitoring of all these systems ensures a reliable working or living environment for tenants as well as optimised human resources allocation for the Property Manager.

Security Automation System (SAS) Security Automation System is critical for providing a secure environment and protecting the safety of tenants. Elements include: Anti-theft Security and Alarm System , Electronic Control System, Access Control System, ClosedCircuit TV Surveillance System.

Fire Automation System (FAS) The Fire Automation System is supported by independent network and cabling systems to ensure operation continues nonstop, even during an emergency. When linked to the building's centralised control room, a second level of monitoring is provided; and in case of fire, various systems can interact directly to optimise all necessary building facilities.

The Internet Protocol Suite (commonly known as TCP/IP) is the set of communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks. It is named from two of the most important protocols in it: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), which were the first two networking protocols defined in this standard. Today's IP networking represents a synthesis of several developments that began to evolve in the 1960s and 1970s, namely the Internet and LANs (Local Area Networks), which emerged in the mid- to late-1980s, together with the advent of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s. TCP/IP is the standard protocol used by the Internet as well local area networks to transmit files and data across a large client and server systems.

VoIP, or Voice over Internet Protocol, is a method for taking analog audio signals, like the kind you hear when you talk on the phone, and turning them into digital data that can be transmitted over the Internet. How is this useful? VoIP can turn a standard Internet connection into a way to place free phone calls. The practical upshot of this is that by using some of the free VoIP software that is available to make Internet phone calls, you're bypassing the phone company (and its charges) entirely. IP phones have an RJ-45 Ethernet connector. IP phones connect directly to your router and have all the hardware and software necessary right onboard to handle the IP call. Wi-Fi phones allow subscribing callers to make VoIP calls from any Wi-Fi hot spot.

An IP phone uses Voice over IP technologies allowing telephone calls to be made over an IP network such as the internet instead of the ordinary PSTN system.
Calls can traverse the Internet, or a private IP Network such as that of a company. The phones use control protocols such as that used by Skype. IP phones can be simple software-based Soft phones or purpose-built hardware devices that appear much like an ordinary telephone or a cordless phone. There also exist the possibility to reuse ordinary PSTN phones as IP phones, with analog telephony adapters (ATA) and have sockets to connect one or more PSTN public switched telephone network phones. .

Such devices are sent out to customers who sign up with various commercial VoIP providers allowing them to continue using their existing PSTN based telephones. Another type of gateway device acts as a simple GSM (Global System for Mobile communications base station and regular mobile phones can connect to this and make VoIP calls. GSM is a cellular network, which means that mobile phones connect to it by searching for cells in the immediate vicinity. While a license is required to run one of these in most countries these can be useful on ships or remote areas where a lowpowered gateway transmitting on unused frequencies is likely to go unnoticed.

Analog telephony adapters

are connected to the internet or Local area network using an Ethernet port

Benefits Wap Operators For wireless network operators, WAP promises to decrease churn, cut costs, and increase the subscriber base both by improving existing services, such as interfaces to voice-mail and prepaid systems, and facilitating an unlimited range of new value-added services and applications, such as account management and billing inquiries. New applications can be introduced quickly and easily without the need for additional infrastructure or modifications to the phone. This will allow operators to differentiate themselves from their competitors with new, customized information services. WAP is an interoperable framework, enabling the provision of end-to-end turnkey solutions that will create a lasting competitive advantage, build consumer loyalty, and increase revenues.

Analogue Phones

The Future of WAP

The tremendous surge of interest and development in the area of wireless data in recent times has caused worldwide operators, infrastructure and terminal manufacturers, and content developers to collaborate on an unprecedented scale, in an area notorious for the diversity of standards and protocols. The collaborative efforts of the WAP Forum have devised and continue to develop a set of protocols that provide a common environment for the development of advanced telephony services and Internet access for the wireless market.

IF the WAP protocols were to be as successful as transmission control protocol (TCP)/Internet protocol (IP), the boom in mobile communications would be phenomenal. Indeed, the WAP browser should do for mobile Internet what Netscape did for the Internet.

Intercom
An intercom (intercommunication device), talkback or door phone is an electronic communications system intended for limited or private dialogue, direction, collaboration or announcements. Intercoms can be portable or mounted permanently in buildings and vehicles. Intercoms can incorporate connections to walkie talkies, telephones, cell phones and to other intercom systems over phone or data lines and to electronic or electro-mechanical devices such as signal lights and door latches. Permanent intercoms installed in buildings are generally composed of fixed microphone/speaker units which connect to a central control panel by wires. A small home intercom might connect a few rooms in a house. Larger systems might connect all of the rooms in a school or hospital to a central office. Intercoms in larger buildings often function as public address systems, capable of broadcasting announcements.

CCTV Systems
CCTV is now considered crucial in both crime prevention and detection. The applications of CCTV systems are increasingly incorporated in home security and commercial security systems, staff surveillance, anti-theft surveillance and access control surveillance. This approach provides the users with ultimate deterrent that is both visible and effective.

MATV
A multitude of commercial premises including hotels, offices, housing developments and holiday parks, now utilize some form of structured cable system to supply an array of different programmes and information services to their end-user customers. These modern 'Multi point' distribution systems normally incorporate a form of MATV system (Master Antenna Television), which is dependent upon the client's specific needs. While MATV systems may vary in size and complexity, the basic structure of the system includes two clear areas of interest;- 1.The Head End System The MATV Head End is primarily tailored to provide the end-user with 'Off-Air' terrestrial services like BBC1, BBC2, ITV, C4 and C5. The 'Off-Air' services are initially received by a robust high gain aerial installation, which is mounted at a convenient position on the premises. A high quality antenna and Mast Head Amplification ensure that signal quality is optimized at the front end of the HeadEnd system therefore minimizing any form of inherent noise, prior to the main amplification stages.

SMATV
This enhanced version of the previously described MATV system allows clients to combine the benefits of additional satellite programmes, with the terrestrial services that are normally available to domestic viewers. SMATV systems (Satellite Master Antenna Television) are now employed in most hotels and communal dwellings to provide end users with a broader range of programme facilities (Sky, CNN, Zee TV etc) for specialist interest groups, multilingual clients or private tenants. A domestic (DTH) satellite dish or a larger commercial satellite dish are normally utilized to provide source signals to the Head-End site, where signal decoding takes place before onward distribution to the interface point with the end-user (Outlet). This type of system normally involves the installation of a durable stand-alone satellite dish which ranges from 60cm to 1.2m in diameter, dependent upon the geographic position of the installation site and the satellite platform being used for the required services.

How does it Work?

We install a satellite dish and TV antennae to receive programming from satellite providers and local broadcast networks. These antennae feed into several racks of electronic equipment which tunes in the channels you choose for your cable lineup, and combines them into a single cable signal. This feed can also include local sources such as in-house channels such as a campus TV station, information and billboard channels

Fibre Optic Cable

A technology that uses glass (or plastic) threads (fibers) to transmit data. A fiber optic cable consists of a bundle of glass threads, each of which is capable of transmitting messages modulated onto light waves. Fiber optics has several advantages over traditional metal communications lines:

Fiber optic cables have a much greater bandwidth than metal cables. This means that they can carry more data. Fiber optic cables are less susceptible than metal cables to interference. Fiber optic cables are much thinner and lighter than metal wires. Data can be transmitted digitally (the natural form for computer data) rather than analogically.

A fibre optic cable propagate a signal as a pulse of light along a transparent medium. A fibre optic cable is made from a glass or plastic core that carries light surrounded by glass cladding that (due to its lower refractive index) reflects "escaping" light back into the core, resulting in the light being guided along the fibre. The outside of the fibre is protected by cladding and may be further protected by additional layers of treated paper, PVC or metal. This required to protect the fibre from mechanical deformation and the ingress of water.

Fiber-optic communication
is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information The process of communicating using fiber-optics involves the following basic steps: Creating the optical signal involving the use of a transmitter, relaying the signal along the fiber, ensuring that the signal does not become too distorted or weak, receiving the optical signal, and converting it into an electrical signal.

Fiber optics is a particularly popular technology for local-area networks. In addition, telephone companies are steadily replacing traditional telephone lines with fiber optic cables. In the future, almost all communications will employ fiber optics.

Access Control Systems

Access Control Systems provide a secure method of protecting premises and staff, whilst causing as little restriction as possible on freedom of movement. It has the ability to permit or deny the use of a particular resource by a particular entity. Access control mechanisms can be used in managing physical resources (such as a movie theater, to which only ticketholders should be admitted), logical resources (a bank account, with a limited number of people authorized to make a withdrawal), or digital resources (for example, a private text document on a computer, which only certain users should be able to read). Access control system operation When a credential is presented to a reader, the reader sends the credentials information, usually a number, to a control panel, a highly reliable processor.

The control panel compares the credential's number to an access control list, grants or denies the presented request, and sends a transaction log to a database.

When access is denied based on the access control list, the door remains locked. If there is a match between the credential and the access control list, the control panel operates a relay that in turn unlocks the door. The control panel also ignores a door open signal to prevent an alarm.

Smart home technology is no longer a luxury, but an affordable solution for total home control. It is designed to bring complete user defined controllability to every aspect of your home's electrical requirements. Lighting, electrical appliances, security, heating, and multi-room audio are just some of the more common applications that are controlled by a single or multiple coloured touch screens. Any output can be controlled from any of the input devices, push button switches, PIR`s, touch-screens, IR sensors are some of the popular options. Any single or multiple outputs can be controlled from any input device, for example one button can turn your whole house off if required. Settings can be easily changed by you the user with the easy to use software that is supplied with the system.

About Cat 6 ( Category 6 cable) Without getting too technical, this is the hottest thing on the market today because of the amount of information that can be carried through the cable at one time (it speeds up delivery). Category 6 cable is a cable standard for network protocols. It has specifications that are focused on crosstalk and system noise. Even the Cat-6 connectors are made to help reduce system noise. It consists of four pairs of copper wiring (usually 22 to 24 guage) twisted together When used as a patch cable, Cat-6 is normally terminated in 8P8C modular connectors, often incorrectly referred to as "RJ-45" electrical connectors.

Dubai Police General Headquarters

The Dubai Police has presented information that they are in the process of upgrading the security efficiency of all critical installations in the Emirate of Dubai pursuant to the Decree of H.H. the Ruler of Dubai

Hotel Installations
All hotel installations in the Emirate shall provide the following requirements: 1. Install immobile color cameras distributed to all their installations as follows:

A. In front of all entrances and exits of the facility in order to see the visitors picture and identify him clearly.
B. In front of all reception counters.

C. In front of all electric elevators.

D. On all stairs including emergency stairs. E. in all floors and inside all elevators as determined by the competent department or its representative. F. At the entrances and exits of vehicles so that the plate numbers can be clear and readable along with the drivers photo. G. On deposit keeping rooms.

H. I. J. K.
O.

P. Q.

R. S.

At entrances and exits leading to bars, dancing halls, nightclubs and celebration hall doors. At all entrances and exits of businessmen centers In all loading and unloading areas so as to cover the area clearly. In areas where visitors ascend and descent from vehicles so that plate numbers can be read clearly. Any system failures shall be reported to the guarantor or maintenance company. Internal and external cameras of the installations shall be kept clean to ensure visible pictures at all times. A record shall be kept for documenting cleaning and maintenance works and failures. All TV surveillance systems shall be maintained periodically. All electrical wires and connections shall be concealed in invisible places against cutting and tampering.

TV

Computer

Security Camera

Cell Phone

TelephoneAncient

Server

Door Handle

Lap Top

Telephone-

WAP

Parking Boom