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Things that you dont really say, but they say a lot about YOU
Quote
Fie, fie upon her! Theres language in her eye, her cheek, her lip, Nay her foot speaks, her wanton spirits look out at every joint and motive of her body. ~ William Shakespeare ~
CHAPTER OUTLINE
TYPES Voice Appearance The Face & Eyes Posture & Movement Space & Distance Physical Environment Time DEFINITION
CHARACTERISTICS Communicative Value Affected Career Success Powerful Ambiguous Expressed Attitude Culture Bound
DEFINITION
A system of symbolic behaviors that includes all forms of communication except words.
http://psychology.about.com/od/nonverbalcommunication
Message components other than words that generate meaning. Andy (2003) Communication involves messages expressed without words.
Adler, Elmhorst, & Lucas, (2013).
Pioneer in nonverbal research, Ray Birdwhistell (1970), the signals to which meaning will be attributed
CHARACTERISTICS OF N.V.C
Appearance, facial expression, nuance of voice has potential convey meaning.
Communicative Value
Impressions of others from N.V observations about physical appearance and behavior. Influence our judgments Express inner feelings
POWERFUL
Ambiguous
Create powerful impressions, message coveys are ambiguous The meaning is open to interpretation and often confusing.
Expresses Attitudes
Career Success
Culture Bound
TYPES OF N.V.C
Emotion and feelings of the speakers apparent from the sound of their voices. Paralanguage describe wide range of vocal characteristics and helps express an attitude Pitch (High Low) Resonance (Resonant Thin) Range ( Spread Narrow) Tempo (Rapid Slow) Articulation (Precise Imprecise) Disfluencies (umm, err, etc) Rhythm (Smooth Jerky) Pauses (Frequency and duration) Volume (Loud Soft) Speaking at a moderate rate can indicate confidence, while speaking at a quicker rate or louder can indicate excitement or agitation. Speaking slower and with less volume may convey a more serious or somber impression (Barnes, 2002).
As a rule, people who look attractive considered to be likable and persuasive and generally have more successful careers.
Personal appearance convey nonverbal stimuli that affect attitudes, even emotions
Facial expressions may reveal our true feelings about a particular situation. While you may say that you are feeling fine, the look on your face may tell people otherwise. The expressions used to convey fear, anger, sadness, and happiness are similar throughout the world. Researcher Paul Ekman has found support for the universality of a variety of facial expressions tied to particular emotions including joy, anger, fear, surprise, and sadness.
THE FACE
There are seven universally recognized emotions shown through facial expression: Happiness: round eyes, smile, raised cheeks Sadness: raised inner eyebrows, pulling down of outer lips Surprise: eyebrows raised, wide open eyes, open mouth Anger: Lower eyebrow, intense stare Fear: Raised eyebrows and eyelids, slightly opened mouth, lip edges stretched back horizontally Contempt: Naturally occurs on one side of the face, pulling upper lip up and away Disgust: wrinkled nose, lowered eyelids and eyebrows, raised upper lip
4 5
Eye Contact
To give and receive feedback: Looking at someone lets them know that the receiver is concentrating on the content of their speech. Not maintaining eye contact can indicate disinterest. Communication may not be a smooth process if a listener averts their eyes too frequently.
To let a partner know when it is their 'turn' to speak: Eye contact is more likely to be continuous when someone is listening, rather than speaking. When a person has finished what they have to say, they will look directly at the other person and this gives a signal that the arena is open. If someone does not want to be interrupted, eye contact may be avoided. To communicate something about a relationship between people: When you dislike someone, you tend to avoid eye contact and pupil size is often reduced. On the other hand, the maintenance of positive eye contact signals interest or attraction in a partner. www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/nonverbalcommunication.html#ixzz2h5ospdzA
In the western civilizations, eye contact is most often defined as a sign of confidence. Eye contact is not consistent amongst different religions, cultures and social backgrounds. Examples Cultural Differences: In Asia (including Middle East), keeping eye contact with someone of authority implies rudeness and can be mistaken as a provoking mean of communication. In Western societies, eye contact can imply empathy and comes across as a type of emotional connection. In the 19th century, the Spanish women used eye contact to say what they couldn't express explicitly. In some Asian countries, avoiding eye contact is a sign of respect. Religious Differences: In extremist religions, eye contact is sometimes frowned upon amongst people of the opposite sex. Muslim women lower their gaze when in the presence of men.
If you roll your eyes you might as well say, 'I'm so over what you're saying'.
Pleasant, direct eye contact is maintained by looking at the area between the nose and mouth and occasionally to the eyes.
Looking down suggests the person is not confident or may not know how to express their opinions. Respect cultures where direct eye contact is considered rude.
Staring is confrontational. It will quickly make the speaker lose their confidence
POSTURE The term posture refers to how we hold our bodies as well as overall physical form of an individual. Posture can convey a wealth of information about how a person is feeling as well as hints about personality characteristics, such as whether a person is confident, open, or submissive.
Open posture involves keeping the trunk of the body open and exposed. This type of posture indicates friendliness, openness, and willingness. Closed posture involves keeping the obscured or hidden often by hunching forward and keeping the arms and legs crossed. This type of posture can be an indicator of hostility, unfriendliness, and anxiety.
Gesture/Movement
Gestures can be used to: Emphasize a point Pointing to a wrist watch to suggest time is running out Illustrate a point Creating a shape with your hands or miming an action Communicate a desired action Motioning to a chair inviting someone to sit down
Gesticulation introduces emotion and animation to an oral story telling. Gestures combined with facial expressions can be used to entertain, instruct or even threaten.
Distance between ourselves and others also reflects feelings and attitudes and thus affects communication
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Space
Proximity
Furniture Arrangement
TIME
Monochronic Culture
Like to do just one thing at a time. Concentrate on the job at hand and take time commitments very seriously.
Polychronic Culture
Like to do multiple things at the same time. Has an open door, a ringing phone and a meeting all going on at the same time.
Monitor
Look around and suitable/adapt yourself with the circumstance
Observe Conventions
Demonstrate Interest
Immediacy describes closeness and liking
The most important thing in communication is to hear what isnt being said.
- Peter F. Drucker -
REFERENCES
Andy, (2003). Non verbal communication : messages about messages Adler, R. B., Elmhorst, J., & Lucas, K., (2013). Communicating at Work.McGraw-Hill. 11th edition. Larson, John,Kleiner, & Brian H., (2004). How to Read Non Verbal Communication in Organizations. Management Research News; 2004; 27, 4/5; ABI/INFORM Complete, pg. 17. Retrieved from: - http://psychology.about.com/od/nonverbalcommunication - http://thearticulateceo.typepad.com/my-blog/2011/08/culturaldifferences-monochronic-versus-polychronic.html - https://sites.google.com/site/nonverbalcommunicationportal/forms-ofnonverbal-communication/eye-contact - http://toolboxes.flexiblelearning.net.au/demosites/series9/903/content/re sources/03_effective_communication/04_nonverbal_comm/page_003.htm - www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/nonverbalcommunication.html#ixzz2h5ospdzA