BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING

Pages 229-231

Feed Grain Byproducts

Residual materials from grains after extraction of starch and/or oil Processing concentrates remaining components
Protein Fiber Oil? Minerals

Protein quality of byproduct feeds is no better than the initial grain May contain addition components added in processing

Corn Processing Wet Milling

Nutritional Composition of Byproduct Feeds from Wet Corn Processing

Byproduct feed Corn grain Dry matter, % 90 Wet corn gluten feed 45 Dry corn gluten feed 90 Corn gluten meal 90 Steep water 49

CP, % DM
RDP, % of CP TDN, % DM NDF, % DM P, % DM

10
40 90 9 0.3

20
80 90 45 0.8

60
40 84 35 0.5

35
80 113 0 1.9

S, % DM

0.1

0.5

0.3

Uses of Byproducts of Wet Corn Processing in Ration Formulation

Corn gluten feed
Beef cattle
Feedlot cattle
Limit to 30% of the diet DM in diets containing forage Feed up to 90% of the diet DM in diets containing little or no forage (Monitor S status)
Can comprise entire supplement

Grazing cows and growing cattle

Dairy cattle

Lactating cows

Growing heifers

Limit to 30% of the diet DM Can comprise entire supplement, but do not feed freechoice

Swine

Poultry

Sows in gestation may receive as much as 90% CGF Layers may receive as much as 30% CGF

 Concerns with CGF

Storage of wet CGF
In outdoor pile, wet CGF needs to be fed within week Can be ensiled by itself or mixed with forage

High sulfur content

Limits amounts fed to ruminants

High fiber content

Limits amounts fed to growing swine, poultry, and lactating dairy cows

 Corn gluten meal

Beef cattle
Feedlot Can comprise 50% of the protein supplement Provides rumen undegradable protein to cattle < 600 lb Cows Not cost-effective No need for rumen undegradable protein

Dairy cattle

Lactating cows

Swine

Can comprise 50% of the protein supplement Provides rumen undegradable protein

Poultry

Limit to < 5% of diet Lysine is limiting Limit to <5% of diet Contains Xanthophyll Imparts yellow pigment to skin and egg yolks

 Steep water
Beef cattle
Feedlot cattle Limit to 12% of diet DM Supplies energy and degradable N Growing cattle and cows Used in liquid supplements and protein tubs

Dairy cattle
Use up to 5% of diet

Swine
Can comprise 15% of the dry matter in liquid diets of growing-finishing pigs

Poultry
Can comprise up to 5% of diet

Corn Processing Dry Milling

Nutritional Composition of Byproduct Feeds from Dry Corn Processing

Byproduct feed Corn grain Wet distillers grains 40 31 35 112 Modified Dried distillers distillers grains grains 50 90 34 35 101 Condensed corn distillers solubles 35 24 70 112

Dry matter, % CP, % DM RDP, % of CP TDN, % DM

90 10 40 90

Fat, % DM
NDF, % DM P, % DM S, % DM

3
9 0.3 0.1

10
32 0.8 0.8

10
32 0.5 0.8

15
0 1.7 0.95

Uses of Byproducts of Dry Corn Processing in Ration Formulation

Distillers Grains with solubles
Beef cattle
Feedlot cattle
Limit to 40% of the diet DM Limited by the S content

Grazing cows, growing cattle, and calves

Dairy cattle

Can comprise entire supplement

Lactating cows

Growing heifers

Limit to 20% of the diet DM Limit to 15% of the diet DM Do not feed wet DGS to heifers less than 6 mo

Swine

Poultry

Growing-finishing Limit to 20% of diet DM Limit to 15% of diet DM

 Concerns with feeding DDGS

Sulfur content
>.4% S in diet may be toxic to ruminants Toxicity risk may be prevented by supplemented with Thiamin

Fat content
May reduce feed intake and fiber digestion in ruminants May cause milk fat depression in lactating dairy cows High level of unsaturated fatty acids may result in soft pork fat

Fiber content
Limits use in nonruminants

Phosphorus content
May cause urinary calculi in steers or lambs Need to add calcium supplement

Aflatoxin
Concentrated 3 times the level in corn

Acceptable Aflatoxin Levels in Corn or DDGS

Intended Use Alfatoxin level, ppb

Lactating Dairy Cows Young animals Growing dairy heifers Breeding beef cattle, swine and mature poultry Finishing swine Finishing cattle

0 <20 <20 <100

<200 <300

 Condensed solubles
Beef cattle
Feedlot cattle Limit to 10% of diet DM Growing cattle and cows Used in liquid supplements and protein tubs

Dairy cattle
Use up to 5% of diet of lactating cows

Swine
Can comprise 15% of the dry matter in liquid diets of growing-finishing pigs

Poultry
Not used

Byproducts of Corn Meal Manufacture

% of DM Main purpose

Feedstuff
Corn bran Corn germ meal

CP
12-16 20

CF
10-12 2

Fat
10 Fiber source Energy/protein source

Hominy feed

11

Energy source

Wheat Milling

Byproduct Feeds from Wheat Milling

% of DM

Feedstuff
Wheat bran Wheat shorts

CP
15 18

CF
11 7

Fat
4 5

Purpose
Fiber source Energy source

Wheat middlings
Wheat germ

18
28

9.5
10

5
7

Energy source
Energy/Protein/ Vitamin source

Primarily used in swine diets, but can be used in ruminant diets

Beer Brewing

Byproducts of Beer Brewing

% of DM

Feedstuff
Brewers grains Brewers yeast

CP
18 47

NDF
46 10

Fat
7 1

Purpose
Protein B vitamins

Brewers grains primarily in dairy and horse diets Not used in swine or poultry diets

Oat processing

Byproducts of Oat Processing

% of DM

Feedstuff
Oat groats

CP
17

NDF
5

Fat
7

Purpose
Energy for young animals

Oat hulls

78

Fiber carrier for premixes