Rotational Movement

ENG1081

Overview
Variables in Rotational Movement Relating the Variables from both the Translational and Rotational (Angular) Movements Introducing Rotational Inertia, I Examples of Rotational Inertia for Multiple Body Systems

Overview 2
Introducing Torque, Exploring Newtons Second Law for Rotation Exploring Work, and the Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem for Rotational motion

Rotation
Consider a Rigid Body rotating around a Fixed Axis Rigid Body a Mass containing many particles, all which rotate simultaneously (non-shifting, locked together) The Rigid Body does not change shape during rotation The Fixed Axis is also called the Rotational Axis, or the Axis of Rotation

Translational versus Rotational Movement

Linear versus Angular Quantities

Linear Angular

Position, x
Displacement, d Velocity, Acceleration, a

Angular Position,
Angular Displacement, Angular Velocity, Angular Acceleration,

Angular Quantities
Angular Position =
Angular Displacement

Angular Velocity
2 1 = 2 1 Angular Acceleration

= 2 1

2 1 = 2 1

Relationship between Linear and Rotational Variables

From = =

Differentiating with time we will find = =

Tangent component

= 2
Radial component
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Period (time to make one single revolution)

The Period for One Revolution 2 = 2 =

Rotational Inertia
Rotational Inertia is a Measure of how easy (or hard) it is to rotate an object around an axis

The higher the Rotational Inertia, the harder it is to rotate

Analogous to Inertia, it resists its current state of mobility = 2
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Kinetic Energy of Rotation

For Translational Movement, the Kinetic Energy is

1 = 2 2
The corresponding Rotational Kinetic Energy is 1 2 = 2

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Parallel Axis Theorem

The parallel axis theorem says that: I = Icom + Mh2
Perpendicular distance to the rotational axis

Rotational inertia through com

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Rotational Inertia (Moments of Inertia)

Solid Disc I = 1/2 MR2

Solid Disc I = 3/2 MR2

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Rotational Inertia (Moments of Inertia)

Disc with hole I = 1/2 M(a2 +b2)

Cylindrical Shell I = 1/2 M(a2 +b2)

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Rotational Inertia (Moments of Inertia)

Solid Sphere I = 2/5 MR2

Solid Sphere I = 7/5 MR2

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Torque
What is Torque? Torque is the Force that rotates the system around the rotational axis Torque depends on the Force, and the distance from the axis

= Fr sin

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Further Linear and Rotational Analogies

Quantity Mass Newtons 2nd Law Work Kinetic Energy Translational M F = ma W = Fd K = mv2 Rotational I = MR2 = I W = K = I2

Power
W = K Kf - Ki

P = Fv
W = K 1 1 2 2 2 2

P =
W = K 1 2 1 2 2 2
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