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Introduction
English learning in Indonesia English as a foreign language, now introduced earlier Halidays (1985) Genre-Based Approach in Indonesian national curriculum of English; narrative text for junior and senior high schools Wells (1987) four literacy levels (performative, functional (JHS), informational, and epistemic (SHS) Childrens literature improve students interest (Lazar, 1993) Relevance of learning material with students background knowledge (Gu, 2003; Blachowicz & Fisher, 2003; Elley, 1997) Local stories support students learning of English (Muslim, 2008)
Globalization
Economic, social, political, psychological, and
philosophical hegemony (Sasaki, 2004) Stealing childrens innocence by corporate culture (Giroux, 2000) Uprooted and lost generation (Mahfudin, 2009) Awareness of self-identity (Giden 1991, in Barker, 2000)
Introduction Cont.
Identity Who, what, and how to behave (Giden, 1991 in Barker, 2000) Various ethnics in Indonesia. Majors:
Javanese, Sundanese (Java), Padangese, Batakese (Sumatra), Balinese, Madurese, Dayakese (Kalimantan) Bugisi (Sulawesi) Asmat (Papua)
Civic education for democracy and self-identity (Saifullah, 2009) School dance from childhood games and plays (Sunaryo, 2009)
Questions: How do Indonesian text-books incorporate local stories? How do teachers and students perceive the inclusion of local stories in the text-book? How does this inclusion influence students English learning process?
Method
Descriptive in nature Sample : 10 teachers of junior and senior high schools Students 50 high school and 18 junior high Instrument : Questionnaire
Students (nationalism, reading interest, local/foreign stories in learning) Teachers (nationalism, reading interests, local/foreign stories teaching process)
Interview
Location Urban and suburban schools in Bandung West Java Indonesia Public and religion schools
8
9 10
Lets Talk
English in Context Developing Competencies in English
IX
X IX
Pakar Raya
Grafindo Utama Grafindo
10
Finding Cont.
Foreign and local stories in each English text-book
Born, raised, work, and live in the country Prefer local food and clothes, not always music
Reading interest Many interested in reading local stories A few interested in reading both stories (intl schools) English Teaching Many found easier to teach narrative using local stories A few found indifferent between both stories
Discussion
Inclusion of narrative texts: As mandated by the curriculum, all sample books have included narrative texts in various forms, meeting the minimum requirement for a good text book set by the government.
Most students found it easier to learn the four English language skills using
local stories (Lazar, 1993; Tomlinson, 1990; Wright, 1989), supported by (Muslim, 2008).
prior knowledge (Graves et.al., 2004; Gu, 2003; Blachowicz & Fisher, 2003; Elley, 1997).
Discussion Cont.
Nurturing nationalism by teachers Introducing local stories and cultures
School location determines students, interests and nationalism. The less urban, the more nationalistic
Students intellectuality also influences their nationalism. High achieving is more critical and less nationalistic.
Type of schools affect the sense of nationalism. Religion school is more nationalistic, history approves School levels influence the sense JHS students are more nationalistic Less exposed to foreign cultures
Conclusion
Sample books have included narrative texts, but foreign story is still dominant. Stories from Java island are still central. Teachers tend to have higher sense of nationalism than their students (maturity and understanding of self-identity). Ss from urban schools have less sense of nationalism due to their environment. Some teachers find local stories support the teaching of narrative texts using local literature but others find it indifferent Most students find it easier to learn the four skills of English via local stories but a few found indifferent. The younger the students, the higher the nationalism .
Suggestion
More quality local stories included in text-books. Also, more non-Java stories included.