Hepatitis & STD

Blecenda Varona, DrPH, MPH, RND BW Seafarers Health and Wellness Training Program

Hepatitis

Liver Disease:

HEPATITIS

Signs of Hepatitis:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Fatigue Anorexia Nausea Right-upper quadrant pain Dark urine Elevated levels of ALT (acute stage of hepatitis) 6-5

Liver Disease:

HEPATITIS

HEPATITIS A Infectious HAV

Incubation: 30 days Transmission: ingestion of items contaminated with infected feces, drinking water, or ice contaminated with raw sewerage, eating fruits, vegetables or uncooked food contaminated during handling. Symptoms: flu-like illness, jaundice, nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain, anorexia, diarrhea, fever.

Liver Disease:

HEPATITIS

HEPATITIS B Serum HBV

Incubation: can survive 7 days outside of the body Transmission: contact with contaminated body fluids, exposure to sharp instruments that contain contaminated blood, human bites, blood transfusion Symptoms: flu-like illness, jaundice, nausea, fatigue, vomiting fever, often no symptoms.

Hepatitis B

Liver Disease:

HEPATITIS

HEPATITIS C HCV
Incubation: ave 7-9 weeks; can live 28 weeks Transmission: blood-to-blood contact, especially IV drug use and shared needles. Exposure to items with contaminated blood such as needles (ex. Tatoo, body piercing, acupuncture), razor, nail files, toothburshes, scissors, tampons. Symptoms: often asymptomatic until liver damage occurs, flu-like illness, fatigue, nausea, headaches, abdominal pain.

Liver Disease:

HEPATITIS

HEPATITIS D
Incubation: occurs only HBV infection Transmission: sexual contact with HBV-infected person. Exposure to sharp intruments contaminated with HBV Symptoms: flu-like illness, jaundice, nausea, fatigue, vomiting fever, often no symptoms. 6-6

Liver Disease:

HEPATITIS

HEPATITIS E HEV
Incubation: 2-9 weeks Transmission: fecal transmission, often through contaminated water Symptoms: malaise, anorexia, abdomina pain, joint pain, fever 6-6

Liver Disease:

HEPATITIS

HEPATITIS G
Incubation: ave 7-9 weeks; can live up to 28 weeks Transmission: transmitted through blood Symptoms: often no symptoms until liver damage occur. Flu-like illness, fatigue, nausea, headaches abdominal pain 6-6

Cirrhosis

Liver Disease:

Cirrhosis

Description of Cirrhosis: It is the most serious and irreversible type of liver injury. It is a chronic liver disease where increased fibrous connective tissue replaces the functioning liver cells following fatty degeneration of long standing. In contrast to the enlarged fatty liver, the cirrhosis liver is continuously losing most of its function. The large volume of blood supply cannot pulse easily through the mass of scar tissue so; it backs up to the portal vein. As a result portal hypertension occurs as blood pressure in the vein increases sharply. As pressure rises, plasma is forced out of the livers blood vessel into the abdominal cavity and

ascites, a self-aggravating condition results.

6-9

Healthy Liver and Cirrhosis

Ascites

Complication of Cirrhosis and Cancer

Complication of Cirrhosis and Cancer

Liver Cancer

Blecenda M. Varona, DrPH, MPH, RND

BW Seafarers Health and Wellness Training Program

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted

disease (STD) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It has often been called the great imitator

Condoms lubricated with spermicides (especially Nonoxynol-9 or N-9) are no more effective than other lubricated condoms in protecting against the transmission of STDs. Use of condoms lubricated with N-9 is not recommended for STD/HIV prevention. Transmission of an STD, including syphilis cannot be prevented by washing the genitals, urinating, and/or douching after sex. Any unusual discharge, sore, or rash, particularly in the groin area, should be a signal to refrain from having sex and to see a doctor immediately.

Sexually transmitted disease (STD) venereal disease (VD),

STD
is an illness that has a significant probability of transmission between humans or animals by means of sexual contact

The transmission includes vaginal intercourse, oral sex, and anal sex.

Ways to Prevent:

abstain from sexual contact or to be in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and is known to be uninfected.

Ways to Prevent:

Avoiding alcohol and drug use may also help prevent transmission of syphilis because these activities may lead to risky sexual behavior.

Ways to Prevent:

Enhance marital relation

Ways to Prevent:

Enhance family closeness

Ways to Prevent:

Increase relationship with God