Matakuliah : T0732 / Sistem Multimedia

Tahun : 2007

CBT, Virtual Reality, and Games

Pertemuan 11
 Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan
mampu :
• Membandingkan Jenis – Jenis Aplikasi Multimedia

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 Outline Materi
• Many Names
• What is CAI
• Types of CAI Software
• Advantages of CAI
• Virtual Reality
• Games Development

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 Many Names
• Computer Assisted Learning (CAL)
• Computer Based Training (CBT)
• Computer Based Teaching (CBT)
• Web Based Training (WBT)
• Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI)
• Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS)
• Computer Based Education (CBE)

This industry is much larger than the game industry

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 What is CAI
• Computer Assisted Instruction refers to a system of educational
instruction performed almost entirely by computer. Such systems typically
incorporate functions such as:
– Assessing student capabilities with a pre-test
– Presenting educational materials in a navigable form
– Providing repetitive drills to improve the student's command of knowledge
– Possibly, providing game-based drills to increase learning enjoyment
– Assessing student progress with a post-test
– Routing students through a series of courseware instructional programs.
– Recording student scores and progress for later inspection by a courseware
instructor.

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 Types of CAI Software
• Drill and Practice
– Typically, drill and practice activities are supplementary to the “normal” teaching process
– Drill and practice is good for fundamental mastery
– Can be thought of as a “flash card” system of the stimulus-response model
– Speed is important for both presentation and feedback

• Games
– May include point scoring, and can be individual or team format
– Have the potential for a very motivational environment

• Simulations
– Can provide microworlds (e.g., a world without friction or gravity)
– Simulations are safe, inexpensive, fast, slow, clean, possible

• Tutorials
– Self-paced, where the computer acts as an infinitely-patient, all-wise tutor

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 Advantages of CAI
• Save Training Time
• Enforces Quality Design
• Provides Standard Curriculum
• Easily Modified and Updated

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 Example 01: CBT Program for Mill Operators

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 Example 01: CBT Program for Mill Operators

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 Example 02: FEMA Hazardous Materials and Domestic Preparedness
Blended Learning

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 Example 03: FAA Airport Surface Detection Equipment - Model X
(ASDE-X) Blended Learning

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 Example 04: United Nations "Microfinance Distance Learning Programme"
Blended Learning

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 Example 05: US Marine Corps "Financially Fit, Mission Ready!"
Computer-based Training

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 Example 06: FEMA EMS Response to Multiple Casualty Incidents
Web-based Training

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 Example 07: FAA "Memory 101" Computer-based Training

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 Virtual Reality Definition
• What is virtual reality?

– Virtual –
• being in essence or effect, but not in fact

– Reality –
• the state or quality of being real. Something that exists
independently of ideas concerning it. Something that constitutes a
real or actual thing as distinguished from something that is merely
apparent

– Virtual Reality
• a computer generated ‘immersive’ (or wide field), multi-sensory
information program which tracks a user in real time

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 Key Elements of Virtual Reality Experience
• Virtual World - content of a given medium
– screen play, script, etc.
– actors performing the play allows us to
experience the virtual world

• Immersion – sensation of being in an

environment
– mental immersion – suspension of disbelief
– physical immersion – bodily entering the
medium
– Related to presence – (mentally immersed)
the participant’s sensation of being in the
virtual environment (Slater)
Walking Experiment at
UNC – Chapel Hill

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 Key Elements of Virtual Reality Experience
• Sensory Feedback – information about the
virtual world is presented to the participant’s
senses
– Visual (most common)
– Audio
– Touch

• Interactivity – the virtual world responds to

the user’s actions.
– Computer makes this possible
– Real-time

Walking Experiment at
UNC – Chapel Hill

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 Entertainment

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 Training (NASA)

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 Clinical Virtual Reality

Hunter Hoffman
HITLab –
University of
Washington

The direct use of VR as a tool in the treatment or assessment of

psychological and physical disorders.
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 Gaming Platform
• Personal computer games
– commonly referred to as
"computer games" or "PC
games"

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 Gaming Platform
• Console games
– commonly referred to as "video games"

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 Gaming Platform
• Arcade games
– coin-operated games played on a
standalone device originally leased
to commercial entertainment
venues

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 Gaming Platform
• Internet games
– those which require a connection to
the Internet to play

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 Game Development Team Roles
• Game Designer
– a person who designs games. The term normally refers to a person who designs
computer or video games, but it can also refer to one who designs traditional
games
• Artists
– responsible for all of the aspects of game development that calls for visual art
• Programmers
– a software engineer who primarily develops computer or video games or related
software (such as game development tools)
• Level designers
– a person who creates levels for computer and/or video games using a specific
set of programs
• Sound engineers (composers, and for sound effects)
• Testers
– a person whose profession consists of testing video and computer games in
order to find bugs, errors and possible conflicts as a quality control process.
• Producers
– the person in charge of overseeing development of a video or computer game
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