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Management Information Systems 8/e

Chapter 2
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

SISTEMAS DE
INFORMACION EN
LA EMPRESA

2.1 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

OBJECTIVES

• Cuáles son los principales tipos de


sistemas empresariales? Qué papel
juegan?

• Como los sistemas empresariales apoyan


las principales funciones empresariales?

• Por que los gerentes deben prestar


atención a los procesos de negocios?

2.2 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

OBJECTIVES

• Cuales son los beneficios y retos del uso


de sistemas empresariales?
• Cuales son los beneficios del uso de
sistemas de informacion para apoyar la
administración de la cadena de
abastecimiento y el comercio
colaborativo?
• Cuales son los beneficios empresariales
de utilizar SI para la administración de la
relaciones con el cliente y la
administración del conocimiento?

2.3 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES

1. Integracion: Diferentes sistemas sirven


a una variedad de funciones, conectando
diferentes niveles organizacionales de
manera dificultosa y costosa
2. Ampliación del ambito del
pensamiento administrativo: Grandes
inversiones en SI se desarrollan por
largos periodos de tiempo y deben ser
guiados por una visión comun de los
objetivos

2.4 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

Types of Information Systems


CLASES DE SIE GRUPOS QUE SIRVE
NIVEL ESTRATEGICO GERENCIA SUPERIOR

NIVEL ADMINISTRATIVO GERENCIA MEDIA

NIVEL DE TRABAJADORES DE
DATOS
CONOCIMIENTOS

NIVEL PERSONAL
OPERACIONAL OPERATIVO
VENTAS PRODUCCION FINANZAS CTB RECURSOS
MARKETING HUMANOS
2.5 © 2006 by Dario Davila
Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

PRINCIPALES TIPOS DE SISTEMAS


• EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS)
sistemas de apoyo a ejecutivos
• DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS)
sistemas de apoyo a decisiones
• MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS)
sistemas de informacion gerencial
• KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS (KWS)
sistemas de trabajo de conocimientos
• OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (OAS)
sistemas de automatizacion de oficinas
• TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS (TPS)
sistemas de procesamiento de transacciones
2.6 © 2006 by Dario Davila
Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS

Figure 2-2
2.7 © 2006 by Dario Davila
Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS):

• Sistemas basicos de negocios que sirven a


los niveles operacionales

• Un sistema computarizado que optimiza y


registra las transacciones diarias de
negocios

2.8 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

APLICACIONES TIPICAS DE TPS


Sistemas de Ventas & Marketing

PRINCIPALES FUNCIONES
• Administracion de ventas, investigacion
de mercados, promociones, precios,
nuevos productos
PRINCIPALES APLICACIONES
• Informacion de pedidos, investigacion de
mercados, fijacion de precios

2.9 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

APLICACIONES TIPICAS DE TPS


Sistemas de Produccion

PRINCIPALES FUNCIONES
• Programaciones, compras, envios,
recepciones, ingenieria, operaciones
PRINCIPALES APLICACIONES
• Planificacion de los recursos
materiales, control de ordenes de
compra, ingenieria, control de
calidad

2.10 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

APLICACIONES TIPICAS DE TPS


Finanzas & Contabilidad

PRINCIPALES FUNCIONES
• Presupuestos, contabilidad general,
facturacion, costos
PRINCIPALES APLICACIONES
• Contabilidad General, Cts. por
cobrar, Cts. por pagar,
Presupuestos, Tesoreria

2.11 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

APLICACIONES TIPICAS DE TPS


Recursos Humanos

PRINCIPALES FUNCIONES
• Expedientes del personal, beneficios,
compensaciones, relaciones
laborales, capacitacion
PRINCIPALES APLICACIONES
• Planillas, historia personal,
beneficios, promociones,
capacitacion

2.12 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

APLICACIONES TIPICAS DE TPS


Otros Tipos (v.g., Universidad)

PRINCIPALES FUNCIONES
• Admision, calificaciones, grados,
registro de cursos, alumnado
PRINCIPALES APLICACIONES
• Admision, certificaciones, control de
estudiantes, control curricular,
control de becas, ex alumnos
benefactores

2.13 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS

Types of TPS Systems

Figure 2-4
2.14 © 2006 by Dario Davila
Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (OAS)


Sistemas de automatizacion de oficinas

• Hacia una “PAPERLESS” Office


• Rediseñamiento del flujo de trabajo
• Software integrado
• Diseño ergonomico
• Iluminacion y adecuamiento del area
de trabajo

Ejemplo: Reportes graficos contables


2.15 © 2006 by Dario Davila
Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS

Knowledge Work Systems (KWS):

Knowledge level
• Inputs: Especificaciones de diseño
• Processing: Modelado
• Outputs: Diseños, graficos, modelos
• Users: Personal tecnico y profesionales

Example: Engineering work station

2.16 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS

Management Information System (MIS):

Management level
• Inputs: Datos de gran volumen
• Processing: Modelados simples
• Outputs: Informes resumidos
• Users: Gerencia media

Example: Annual budgeting

2.17 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

TPS DATA PARA MIS APLICACIONES

TPS MIS
DATOS
SISTEMA DE
DE
ORDENES DE
VTAS
PROCESOS
COSTOS
ARCHIVO ORDENES
UNITARIO
SISTEMA DE PRODUCC
PLANEAMIENTO DE MIS
REPORTE
RECURSOS
MATERIALES CAMBIOS
EN LA
ARCHIVO PRODUCCION PRODUC

SISTEMA DE
CONTABILIDAD DATOS DE
GASTOS GERENTES
GENERAL

ARCHIVO MIS FILES


CONTABLE

2.18 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS

Management Information System (MIS)

• Decisiones estructuradas y semi-


estructuradas

• Orientado a Reportes de control

• Información pasada y presente

• Orientacion interna

2.19 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS

Decision Support System (DSS):

Management level
• Inputs: Bajo volumen de datos
• Processing: Interactivo
• Outputs: Analisis de Decisiones
• Users: Profesionales, plana gerencial

Example: Contract cost analysis

2.20 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS)


Sistemas de apoyo a las decisiones

• FLEXIBLE, ADAPTABLE, RAPIDO


• USUARIOS CONTROLAN LOS
INPUTS/OUTPUTS
• PROGRAMADORES NO
PROFESIONALES
• SOPORTA EL PROCESO DE TOMA
DE DECISIONES
• SOFISTICADAS HERRAMIENTAS DE
MODELACION
2.21 © 2006 by Dario Davila
Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS

Decision Support System (DSS)

Figure 2-7
2.22 © 2006 by Dario Davila
Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS

Executive Support System (ESS):

Strategic level
• Inputs: Datos Agregados
• Processing: Interactivo
• Outputs: Proyecciones
• Users: Gerentes Seniors

Example: 5-year operating plan

2.23 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS)


Sistema de apoyo a ejecutivos

• DIRIGIDO AL NIVEL SUPERIOR


GERENCIAL
• DISEÑOS INDIVIDUALES
• RELACIONA EL CEO CON TODOS
LOS NIVELES
• BASTANTE COSTOSO DE
MANTENER
• EXTENSIVO APOYO AL STAFF

2.24 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

RELACIONES ENTRE LOS SISTEMAS

Sist. de
apoyo a

ejecutivos

ESS
Sist. de
Informacion Sist. de apoyo
Gerenc. a decisiones

MIS DSS

Sist. de
Conocimiento y Sist. de Proces.
Automatizacion de Transac.

KWS/OAS TPS

2.25 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Procesos de negocios y sistemas de información

Procesos de negocios

• La forma en que cada labor es organizada,


coordinada y dirigida a darle valor a un
producto o servicio
• Procedimientos concretos del uso de los
materiales, la información y el conocimiento
(actividades)
• Maneras unicas de coordinar el trabajo, la
información y el conocimiento
• Maneras en que cada gerente escoge
coordinar el trabajo
2.26 © 2006 by Dario Davila
Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Business Processes and Information Systems

Como los SI ayudan a las organizaciones

• Lograr mayores eficiencias por la


automatización de los procesos

• Replantear y racionalizar procesos

2.27 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Examples of Business Processes

• Manufacturing and production:


Ensamblaje, verificación de la calidad,
requisiciones de materiales
• Sales and marketing: Identificar
clientes, fidelizar los clientes
• Finance and accounting: Procesos de
pagos, elaboración de reportes,
administrar la contabilidad del efectivo
• Human Resources: Contrataciones,
evaluaciones de rendimiento, control de
plan de beneficios
2.28 © 2006 by Dario Davila
Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Business Processes and Information Systems


Relaciones funcionales entre los procesos de
negocios

• Supera los limites entre las ventas,


marketing, produccion e investigación y
desarrollo

• Los trabajadores de diferentes areas


funcionales trabajan como una sola unidad

Example: Proceso de la orden de pedido

2.29 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Proceso de ejecucion de un pedido

2.30 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Enterprise Applications
• Enterprise systems
• Supply chain management systems
• Customer relationship management
systems
• Knowledge management systems

2.31 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Traditional View of the Systems

• Dentro del negocio: Existen funciones, y


cada una tiene su propio sistema de
informacion

• Fuera de los limites de la organizacion:


Hay clientes y vendedores

Funciones tienden a trabajar


aisladamente

2.32 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Traditional View of the Systems

Figure 2-
2.33 13 © 2006 by Dario Davila
Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Enterprise Systems

Figure 2-14
2.34 © 2006 by Dario Davila
Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Benefits of Enterprise Systems

• Estructura de la empresa: Una


organizacion
• Administracion: Cultura empresarial
basada en la administracion de
procesos
• Tecnologia: Plataforma unificada
• Negocios: Mas eficiencia en las
operaciones y el manejo de clientes

2.35 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Challenges of Enterprise Systems

• Dificultad de construir: Requiere de


cambios fundamentales en la forma de
hacer negocios
• Tecnologia: Requiere de complejas
piesas de software y grandes inversiones
de tiempo, dinero y experiencia
• Organizacion centrada en la
coordinación y toma de decisiones:
Para algunas empresas no es la mejor
manera de operar

2.36 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Supply Chain Management (SCM)

Supply Chain Management (SCM)


• Close linkage and coordination of activities
involved in buying, making, and moving a
product

• Integrates supplier, manufacturer, distributor,


and customer logistics time

• Reduces time, redundant effort, and inventory


costs

2.37 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Supply Chain Management (SCM)

Supply Chain

• Network of organizations and business


processes

• Helps in procurement of materials,


transformation of raw materials into
intermediate and finished products

2.38 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Supply Chain Management (SCM)

Limitations:

• Inefficiencies can waste as much as 25%


of company’s operating costs

• Bullwhip Effect: Information about the


demand for the product gets distorted as
it passes from one entity to next

2.39 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS
Supply Chain Management

Figure 2-15
2.40 © 2006 by Dario Davila
Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Supply Chain Management (SCM)

• Helps in distribution of the finished


products to customers

• Includes reverse logistics - returned items


flow in the reverse direction from the
buyer back to the seller

2.41 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

How Information Systems Facilitate Supply Chain Management

• Decide when, what to produce, store, move


• Rapidly communicate orders
• Communicate orders, track order status
• Check inventory availability, monitor levels
• Track shipments
• Plan production based on actual demand
• Rapidly communicate product design change
• Provide product specifications
• Share information about defect rates, returns

2.42 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Supply Chain Management (SCM)

• Supply chain planning system: Enables


firm to generate forecasts for a product and
to develop sourcing and a manufacturing
plan for the product

• Supply chain execution system:


Manages flow of products through
distribution centers and warehouses

2.43 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Collaborative Commerce

• Uses digital technologies to enable


multiple organizations to collaboratively
design, develop, build, move, and manage
products

• Increases efficiencies in reducing product


design life cycles, minimizing excess
inventory, forecasting demand, and
keeping partners and customers informed

2.44 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Collaborative Commerce

Figure 2-16
2.45 © 2006 by Dario Davila
Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Industrial Networks

Private Industrial Networks

• Web-enabled networks

• Link systems of multiple firms in an


industry

• Coordinate transorganizational business


processes

2.46 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

• Manages all ways used by firms to deal with


existing and potential new customers

• Business and Technology discipline

• Uses information system to coordinate entire


business processes of a firm

2.47 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

• Provides end-to-end customer care

• Provides a unified view of customer


across the company

• Consolidates customer data from multiple


sources and provides analytical tools for
answering questions

2.48 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Figure 2-17
2.49 © 2006 by Dario Davila
Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

Knowledge Management Systems


• Creating knowledge
• Discovering and codifying
knowledge
• Sharing knowledge
• Distributing knowledge

2.50 © 2006 by Dario Davila


Management Information Systems 8/e
Chapter 2
Chapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise

INFORMATION
SYSTEMS IN THE
ENTERPRISE

2.51 © 2006 by Dario Davila

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