FISHERY IN INDIA AT A GLANCE

> > > > > > PRODUCTION --- 53.5 Lakh Tonnes INLAND SECTOR --- 24.2 Lakh Tonnes MARINE SECTOR --- 29.3 Lakh Tonnes 9th PLAN TARGET --- 63.7 Lakh Tonnes PROVIDES EMPLOYMENT --- 56 Lakh PEOPLE CONTRIBUTION TO GDP --- 1 . 27 % (Rs. 18,079 million) > INDIA RANKS -- 2nd in world shrimp production & 5 th in total fish production > FISHERY OUT LAY --- Rs.51.3 million in 1st plan to Rs. 11,723 million in eight plan > EXPORTS --- Rs. 4698 crores ( 70 % shrimps )

WHY FISHERY ?
PROTEIN RICH FOOD SUPPLEMENT TO FOOD REQUIREMENTS GAINFUL UTILIZATION OF WATER RESOURCE GENERATES EMPLOYMENT SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF OTHER ANCILLARY ACTIVITIES SOURCE OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE EARNINGS MORE RETURNS FROM MARGINAL LAND

1. TUNA 2. POMFRET 3. PERCH 4. CAT FISH 5. COD FISH

SQUID

LOBSTER

SHRIMP

SCAMPI

CRAB

(CULTURE FRESH WATER FISHERY ) OF FEW SELECTED FISH VARITIES TOGATHER IN DEFINITE RATIO CULTURE OF FEW SELECTED FISH VARITIES TOGETHER IN DEFINITE RATIO

( FRESH WATER FISHERY )

PROMOTER
TRAINING / EXPERIENCE OWN LAND / LEASED LAND OWNERSHIP / LEASED PAPERS SECURITY

SITE SELECTION Based on

ASSURED FRESH WATER SUPPLY FREE FROM POLLUTION PROPER DRAINAGE SOIL SHOULD BE NON ACIDIC,CLAYs CHEMICAL PARAMETERS FOR WATER:
DO: ABOVE 5 part per million

SALINITY: 5 part per thousand TEMPERATURE: 28-32 DEG. centigrate pH : 7.5 - 8.5 TRANSPERANCY : 15 - 35 cm.

Site Selection (contd.) AVAILABILITY OF

SEED - MEDICINE FEED - FERTILIZER

TECHNICAL SUPPORT POWER & FUEL TRANSPORT FACILITY MARKETING ARRANGEMENT

POND DESIGNING
ASCERTAIN WSA (WATER SPREAD AREA) RECTANGULAR SHAPE PREFERRED SIZE-- 0.4 -1.0 ha. WSA DEPTH- 1.5 meter WATER COLUMN STRONG BUNDS INLETS & OUTLETS WITH WIRE MESH

POND DEVELOPMENT
EXISTING PONDS
DEWEEDING DEWATERING REMOVAL OF PREDATORY & COMPETITIVE FISHES USE OF MAHUA OIL CAKE @ 2500 Kg. PER ha.WSA

NEW POND DEVELOPMENT

SOIL EXCAVATION CONSTRUCTION OF BUNDS, INLETS, OUTLETS PLOUGHING LAND APPLICATION OF LIME 200-500 kg / ha . WSA depending on pH of the water

FISH POND UNDER DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENT OF EXISTING POND

WASTE LAND TO

FISH TANK

FISH PONDS

POND FERTILIZATION
KG. PER ha WSA
Frequency of Application Cattle Dung Ammnium Super Sulphate Phosphate

1st Dose 2nd Dose onwards for 11 months

5000 2000

75 75

50 50

TOTAL for 12 months

27000

900

600

Fish species
CATLA ROHU MRIGAL

6 Sp
750 1000 750

4 Sp
1500 1500 1000

3 Sp
2000 1500 1500

STOCKING DENSITY
Fingerling Numbers Per ha. WSA

SILVER CARP GRASS CARP COMMON CARP TOTAL

750 750 1000 5000

1000 5000

5000

ROHU
GRASS CARP

CATLA
COMMON CARP MRIGAL

SILVER CARP

MONITORING & INSPECTION

POND WATER COLOUR Light green--inadequate feeding Dark green--water polluted Bright green--most ideal TRIAL NETTING CHECK CHEMICAL PARAMETERS pH, DO, Salinity, Transparency etc WATER LEVEL

EQUIPMENTS AVAILABLE FOR WATER QUALITY TEST

1. D. O. METER
2 pH .METER

--- OXYGEN
--- pH

3. THERMOMETER--- TEMPERATURE

4. SACCHI DISC

--- WATER POLLUTION

5. SALINOMETER --- SALT CONTENT

WATER TESTING EQUIPMENTS

Aerators

ITEMS OF INVESTMENT Capital Investment - Term loans

Site cleaning Excavation of new ponds Repair of existing ponds Inlets & outlets construction Labour quarters / farm house Other civil structures Pumpset Boats & Nets Feeding Trays, Water Testing kits, Transport Facility Fencing

Recurring Investments Working capital

Seed cost Feed cost Lime cost Fertilisers ( organic & inorganic) Labour Charges Power & Fuel Charges Insurance Premium Harvesting Charges Marketing Charges

MODE OF FINANCE
All Capital cost = As TERM LOAN
All Recurring cost = As WORKING CAPITAL Capital cost + I st Year Recurring cost = COMPOSITE TERM LOAN Term loan & Composite term loan --- Repayment over a period of 5 - 7 Years Working capital loan --- Renew / Review on Yearly basis

RISKS IN FISH FARMING

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Excessive weed growth. Appearance of fish diseases & algal bloom. Inflow of polluted water in pond. Growth of unwanted water animals wild fish, insect, frog, crab, snakes. Depletion in DO level. Reduction in water depth Rise in water temperature. Fluctuation in water pH and salinity.

BASIC REQUIREMENT
1. BRACKISH WATER ( Sea Water + Fresh Water ) - Close to SEA 2. IDEAL CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WATER #. pH ------- 7.5 to 8.5 # D.O. Level ------ 4 mg. / liter water & above # Salinity ------ 15 to 35 parts per thousand 3. PROPER DRAINAGE FACILITY 4. INPUTS SPECIALLY QUALITY SEED & FEED 5. PROCESSING FACILITY AT CLOSE DISTANCE 6. ENTREPRENEUR ADEQUATELY TRAINED 7. FREE FROM DOMESTIC , AGL , INDUST., POLLUTION

GOI GUIDELINES
(As per Supreme Court Decision)
1 . 500 meters away from HTZ as per CRZ norms 2.. No Agril. Land / Salt pan to be converted to Shrimp farm 3. No use of ground water for salinity adjustment 4. Free access to sea for traditional fishermen / tourists 5. WSA not more than 60 % of available land 6. Provision of settlement / sedimentation tank , chlorication / dechlorination tank / green belt etc. 7. Unit with 40 ha. WSA -- Clearance from state pollution control board required

GOI guidelines contd.

8. Modified Extensive system of farming is practiced ( stocking @ 60,00 to 1, 00, 000

nos. )

9. Advisable : * cultivation of mussel, oyster, fin fish, sea weed in treatment tanks * minimal use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, antibiotics * encourage use of organic fertilizers 10. Registration with District Aqua Authority 11. Duration of crop not more than 4 - 5 months 12. EIA( environment impact assessment ) Report to obtained

MARINE FISHERY
.
1 Nautical Mile = 1.85 Km.

1 Fathoms = 2 meters

INDIAN COAST LINE --- 7500 KM. INDIAN EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE -- 2 million sq. km

ITEM-WISE EXPORTS OF MARINE PRODUCTS (BASED ON VALUE) 1997-98

Others 5%

Fr. Fin.Fish 15% Fr.Cuttle Fish 7%

Fr. Shrimp 67%

Fr. Squid 6%

Total exports from India ( 1997-98) - Rs. 4,698 crores (

Market-wise export of marine products (Based on Value) 1997-98

2%

9%

12% 3%

50% 24%

European Union USA Middle-East South-East Asia Japan Others

Total exports from India ( 1997-98)- Rs. 4,698 crores

WHY PROCESSING
Maintain Palatability , Quality, Nutritive Value & Freshness Convert low value fish to high value product
Domestic & Export Promotion

STEPS INVOLVED
1. Harvesting at Appropriate Stage 2. Keeping Produce in ICE (1:1 ratio) 3. Containers ( bamboo baskets / plastic crates / polythene insulated boxes / thermo Cole boxes) 4. Transport (insulated truck /refrigerated truck / truck covered with tarpaulin ) 5. Processing including value addition

Technicalities about Processing Infrastructure

1. Processing unit close to production centre 2. Availability of adequate potable water, quality ice, Electricity, Skilled labour, Transport facilities, Close to Port etc. 3. Provision for waste disposal ( both for water & solid ) 4. Provision of separate halls for Raw material receiving,Washing, Grading, Processing, Packing, Storage , with foot dip, entry & exit door. 5. All operations on clean stainless steel topped tables 6. Halls are Fly proof, Rodent free, maintaining Temp.20 deg. C, 30-70 % humidity,10-30 cubic feet air per working person 7. Provision of head covering, aprons, gum boots, over coats, gloves & white uniform for workers, change room, toilet, rest room, etc. 8. Provision for regular health checkup of workers,restrictions not to use tobacco/ pan / smoking/nail polish/ rings/ bangles etc. 9. Building orientation preferably E-W with excellent drainage facility

QUALITY CONTROL MEASURES

Unit must have QUALITY CONTROL LABORATORY with all modern equipments for testing
Microbial contamination, Residues of drugs / pesticides/ fungicides ,Industrial contamination, and Food additives TESTS CONDUCTED ARE Organoleptic test -- Texture, Colour, Softness, Freshness Foreign particle test -- Pieces of shell, part of flies, insect, hair Chemical test --Residues of chemicals Bacterial load -Salmonella, Cholera germs, E. coli etc.

Agencies to monitor
Export Inspection Council ( EIC ) Export Inspection Agency ( EIA) Through HACCP (Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Points ) norms & Self declaration

PACKAGING OF PRODUCT
1. Light weight, easier and safer for transport 2. Protect it from any contamination , damage or degradation

3. Posses sufficient strength to withstand hazards of transport 4. Cheap & Bio-degradable but attractive
5. Leak proof, greese proof, protect from moisture loss, low gas transmission, etc. for value added products It could be bamboo basket, HDPE rigid boxes framed with polystyrene / polyurethene Packing must contain details about species, weight, count, date of packing, brand name etc.

FISH IN COLD ROOM

DRY SHRIMPS

FISH IN TINS

TYPES OF BANK FINANCE

Term Loan to meet capital investments for setting up a new unit Term loan for modernisation of the existing units to satisfy HACCP norms EU requirements Working capital to meet day to day operational expenses Finance for transport vehicles ( refrigerated & insulated ) Finance related to exports of sea food

RECURRING EXPENSES
Raw material cost Labour charges ( Skilled & Non Skilled ) Power & fuel charges Salary of technical & administrative staff Stores & consumable items Cost of packaging material Marketing & transport cost Miscellaneous & contingencies

CASE STUDY
Installed Capacity -- 5139 metric tonnes / year
Capital Investment (Rs. 256.52 Lacs )
1 . Land Rs. 5 . 00 (Margin 100 %)

2 . Building ( processing hall, laboratory, cold storage, Ice plant, store room, administrative office, staff quarters, crche, guest room, bore well, sump, pump house, compound wall, roads, drainage etc.)
3 . Plant & Machinery ( plate freezer 4 nos., blast freezers 2 nos., ice plant, flake ice machine etc.) 4 . Water treatment plant ,processing & lab equipments ( processing table, trays, stands, freezing trays, trollies, freezing pans, crates, weigh machine etc. ) 5 . Electrification & Generators ( 3 DG set, 1 transformer, light, power distribution etc.) 6 . Miscellaneous assets ( office equipments, deposits) 7 . Contingencies ( 5 % of building & equipments )

Rs. 82 . 00 ( 25 % )

Rs. 113 . 25

do

Rs.12 . 57

do

Rs. 27. 15 .
Rs. 07. 00 Rs. 09 . 55

do
(100 % ) ( 60 % )

Approvals Required
Inspector of factories Export Inspection Agency ( E.I.A.), GOI. Lay out plan from village panchayat NOC from district medical & health officer NOC from pollution control board Sanction of power MPEDA registration