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1887 - Born George Polya in Budapest on the 13th of December. 1940 - Immigrated to US. - Wrote "How to Solve It: A New Aspect of Mathematical Method" - He worked on a great variety of mathematical topics, including series, number theory, combinatorics, and probability. - In How to Solve It, Plya provides general heuristics for solving problems of all kinds, not simply mathematical ones.
1976 - The Mathematical Association of America established the George Plya award "for articles of expository excellence published in the College Mathematics Journal." - In Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning Volume I, Polya discusses inductive reasoning in mathematics, by which he means reasoning from particular cases to the general rule. 1985 - Died on the 7th of September in Hungarian.
NON-ROUTINE
BASIC MATHEMATICS
GEORGE POLYA
2) DEVISING A PLAN
Second. Find the connection between the data and the unknown. You may be obliged to consider auxiliary problems if an immediate connection cannot be found. You should obtain eventually a plan of the solution. Consider the following strategies:
1. select suitable operations
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. use suitable diagram use analogy use the unitary approach guess and check construct table
7. working backward
8. simplify the problem 9. using experiment 10. identify sub goal 11. simulation 12. identify of math pattern
Answers
Fourth. Examine the solution obtained. Use another way to solve the same problems. Adopting the inverse method. E.g.: division multiplication Can you use the result, or the method, for some other problem?
Problem 1
Jacinskis Hardware has a number of bikes and tricycles for sale. There are 27 seats and 60 wheels all together. Determine how many bikes there are and how many tricycles there are.
answer
Step 1 : Understand the problem
each bike has 2 wheels each tricycle has 3 wheels 1 bike 1 seat, 1 tricycle 1 seat there are 27 seats = no. of bike + no. of tricycle
15 16 17 21
12 11 10 6
+4
21 bikes and 6 tricycles
PATTER N -4
multiplication
(21x2)+(6x3)=60 21x2=42 and 6x3=18 422=21 and 183=6 21+6=27 seats
division
Proven true!!
Problem 2
How many rectangles are there in each of these figures?
answer
Step 1 : Understand the problem
each figures is a rectangle
3 rectangles
6 rectangles 10 rectangles 15 rectangles
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15 rectangle
+ 14 + 15 + 16
17 x 8 = 136
+ + + +
1 2 3 4 5 15
Problem 3
In three bowling games, Lulu scored 139, 143, and 144. What score will she need in a fourth game in order to have an average score of 145 for all four games?
answer
Step 1 : Understand the problem
three bowling games, lulu score 139, 143, and 144 average score is 145 for all four games.
Strategy 1 : Algebra
X = unknown score
139 + 143 + 144 + x 4 X = 154 = 145
Strategy 2 : Logic
If average needs to be 145, and there are 4 scores. The sum is 4 x 145 =580 From 580, subtract 139, 143, 144. X = 580-139-143-144 = 154
139
-6
2 3
143 144
-2 -1
-8 -9
THANK YOU