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Systems Conventional or Intelligent (Addressable / Analog) Initiating Devices Smoke, Duct, Heat & Flame Detectors Manual Fire Alarm Stations Water Flow Switches Notification Appliances Audible & Visual Appliances
Traditional fire alarm wiring method which provides an independent run of conductors for each device or group of devices distinctly annunciated. Wire to wire short End of Line Resistor for Supervision No T-Tap allowed Initiating Device Circuit
6.4.2.1.1
Class A and Class B Class A: Allows all devices to operate during a single open or a non-simultaneous single ground fault on any circuit conductor. Class B: Does not allow all devices to operate during a single open or a non-simultaneous single ground fault on any circuit conductor.
Network System
Communication between 2 or more fire alarm control panels. May be Peer-toPeer or Master-Slave Common approach in large systems or campus type environments
System distribution
WIRING
A style A,B,C,D,E is a conventional system using two to four wires usually 14 AWG. A style .5, 1, 2, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 7 is an intelligent system using fire alarm cable. A style W,X,Y,Z is a notification appliance circuit.
Definition IDC
3.3.89 Initiating Device Circuit: A circuit to which automatic or manual initiating devices are connected where the signal received does not identify the individual device operated.
The abbreviations at the end of the definition indicate the Technical Correlating Committee the requirement is assigned to for coordination and the code making process.
Definition SLC
3.3.172 Signaling Line Circuit: A circuit or path between any combination of circuit interfaces, control units, or transmitters over which multiple system input signals or output signals, or both, are carried.
3.3.173 Signaling Line Circuit Interface: A system component that connects a signaling line circuit to any combination of initiating devices, initiating device circuits, notification appliances, notification appliance circuits, system control outputs, and other signaling line circuits.
Definition NAC
3.3.114 Notification Appliance Circuit: A circuit or path directly connected to a notification appliance.
This is codish for the wiring to and between and fire alarm horn, strobe or speaker.
Abbreviation Key
SIG-FUN: Fundamentals of Fire Alarm Systems SIG-IDA: Initiating Devices for Fire Alarm Systems SIG-PRO: Protected Premises Fire Alarm System SIG-NAS: Notification Appliances for Fire Alarm Systems SIG-SSS: Supervised Station Fire Alarm System SIG-PRS: Public Fire Alarm Reporting System SIG-TMS: Testing And Maintenance of Fire Alarm Systems SIG-HOU: Single and Multi-station Alarm Systems and Household Fire Alarm Systems
Criteria Explained
Alarm (Alm): The fire alarm system will go into alarm mode if this abnormal condition exists. Trouble (Trbl): The fire alarm system will display a trouble signal if this abnormal condition exists Alarm receipt capability (ARC): The fire alarm system will transmit an alarm or trouble to a supervised location system.
The Abnormal Condition row is for reference only and is used only when talking about the table. The conditions do not apply to specific abnormal conditions and do not cross reference with other tables.
- : Indicates a void or NO X : Indicates a YES and that the action will happen at the protected premises and in accordance with Chapter 8. (Supervising Station Fire Alarm Systems) R: Indicates that the signal will be transmitted to a supervised Station Fire Alarm station under the abnormal condition.
A style D system will cause the system to go into alarm if a Wire-to-wire short occurs. The system will go into trouble if a single open or single ground condition exists. The trouble signals will be capable of being transmitted to a supervising station system. It is a class A system so the rest of the initiating devices will remain operational under the adverse condition.
A style B system will cause the system to go into alarm if a wire-to-wire short occurs. The system will go into trouble if a signal ground or single open condition exists. The trouble signal for the single ground fault will be capable of being transmitted to a supervising station system. The trouble signal for the single open will not. It is a class B system so the rest of the devices will not remain operational under the adverse condition.
Group Discussion
Define all the characteristics of a style E IDC. Define all the characteristics of a style A IDC.
Signal line circuits are circuits that are multiplexing. They carry power and information for the fire alarm system. Any intelligent or addressable system uses signal line circuits for input. Signal line circuits are categorized based on the same criteria as IDCs.
- : Indicates a void or NO X : Indicates a YES and that the action will happen at the protected premises and in accordance with Chapter 8. (Supervising Station Fire Alarm Systems) R: Indicates that the signal will be transmitted to a supervised Station Fire Alarm station under the abnormal condition.
SLC are capable of analyzing more data than IDC circuits. The table reflects by having ratings for the following:
Single open Single ground Wire to wire short Wire to wire short & open Wire to wire short & ground Open and Ground Loss of carrier/ channel interface
Style 4 will put the alarm system in trouble if any of the possible conditions exists. Only the single ground condition is required to be transmitted. It is class B so the rest of the system may not be operational.
Style 6 is the same as style 4 except the single open, single ground and open and ground are required to be transmitted. It is a class A so the rest of the system will remain operational.
Criteria Explained
- : Indicates a void or NO X : Indicates a YES and that the action will happen at the protected premises and in accordance with Chapter 8. (Supervising Station Fire Alarm Systems) R: Indicates that the signal will be transmitted to a supervised Station Fire Alarm station under the abnormal condition.
A type Z will transmit a trouble if a single open or single ground occurs. It is a class A system so the rest of the system will remain operational.
A type X will transmit a trouble if a single open conditions exists only. It is a class B so the rest of the system may not remain operational.
SMOKE DETECTION
Radioactive material used to ionize air between two electrodes Smoke reduces conductance of air Best for fast flaming fires
Photoelectric Detector
Light obscuration 3.3.180.3 or light scattering 3.3.180.4 Best slow smoldering fires
SMOKE DETECTION
Projected Beam Detector 5.7.3.4 Operates like a photoelectric smoke detector in an open room or area Air Sampling Detector 5.7.3.3 Draws air through a series of perforated tubes to a smoke detector Duct Smoke Detector Standard smoke detector mounted in a housing with a perforated sampling tube supplying air to the detector
Duct Mounted uses a standard smoke detector in a housing Perforated sampling tube supplying air to the detector Typically use photoelectric smoke detectors because they are not as susceptible to air velocity and false alarms In-duct uses an area detector mounted within the duct Typically used in zero velocity conditions
BEAM DETECTORS
Photoelectric principle Can be considered equivalent to a row of spot-type detectors Transmitter and receiver shall be placed according to manufacturers instructions. Path can be reflected with mirrors Light path can not be broken by small angular movements of the light source.
Fixed Temperature Detector Heated to a predetermined level Not restorable Color coded 5.6.2.1.1 Table Rate Compensation Detector Heated to a predetermined level Self restoring Color Coded 5.6.2.1.1 Table
Rate-of-Rise Detector Responds to temperature rise above a predetermined rate Color Coded 5.6.2.1.1 Table
Group Practice
Find the appropriate code reference for each of the statements in the following slides. Determine if the statement is correct and make any necessary corrections. We will discuss our findings as a class
Detectors shall be located more than 4 inches from a sidewall or between 4 inches and 12 inches from the ceiling when mounted on a wall Under raised floors
Smoke detectors mounted as listed to avoid dust contamination
In general, spot-type smoke detectors in smooth ceiling applications may use a 30 foot spacing as a guide.
30 x 30 = 900 square feet
All points on the ceiling to have a detector (smoke or heat) within 0.7 times the selected spacing
For smoke detector: 0.7 x 30 = 21 30 foot spacing can be adjusted within a circle with a radius of 21 feet
Other considerations include: Beam pockets Sloped ceilings Raised floors Air movement Ceiling height HVAC Not within 3 feet of supply or return opening Not within direct airflow
INITIATING DEVICES
Operating Ranges
32 100 F 10 93% Humidity Air Velocity over 300 ft/min (smoke detectors only)
NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES
Audible
Speakers, Horns, Bells, Chimes
Visual
Strobes
AUDIBLE APPLIANCES
Speakers
Locally, provide actual sound level of not less than 80 dBA throughout and no more than 120 dBA Elsewhere, installed to provide a sound output level of at least 15 dBA above ambient sound level
VISUAL APPLIANCES
Flash rate of 1 to 2 per second Wall mounting heights NFPA 72 / ANSI 80 to 96 AFF ADA the lower of 80 AFF or 6 BFC Ceiling mounted strobes are acceptable Ceiling height will affect the spacing More than three visible appliances in view synchronized
VISUAL APPLIANCES
Spacing In Rooms 15 candela 20 x 20 30 candela 30 x 30 75 candela 40 x 40 110 candela 50 x 50 Spacing would be decreased as ceiling height increases for ceiling mounted devices, above are wall applications or 10 max ceiling height
VISUAL APPLIANCES
Visual Spacing In Corridors Corridor spacing applies only for 20 and narrower corridor as follows: Within 15 of end of each corridor Maximum distance between is 100 Obstructions, elevations changes, changes in direction, etc. shall be treated as separate corridors Corridors wider than 20 are treated using the room spacing requirements
MONITORING
Fan Status Automatic Transfer Switch Smoke Control Panels Fire Pump Security Systems