Urinary System

Rita Rosita

Three Functions of the Urinary System 1. Excretion:

removal of organic wastes from body fluids discharge of waste products

2. Elimination:

3. Homeostatic regulation:

of blood plasma volume and solute concentration

Components of the Urinary System

Kidney :
Function :
Excrete final product of metabolic activities & excess watercontrol concentration substances in body fluid Release : erythropoitin, renin, 1,25 hydrocholecalciferol

Location of the kidneys

Are located on either side of vertebral column T12L3):

The right kidney is slightly lower than the left kidney because of the liver's size and position. superior surface capped by suprarenal gland

Kidney
Is about 10 cm long, 5.5 cm wide, and 3 cm. thick Weighs about 150 g Hilum
Point of entry for renal artery and renal nerves Point of exit for renal vein and ureter

Renal Surface Projection

Anterior surface :
Hillar centre at transpyloric plane, 5cm lateral from midline, slightly medial from cart 9th costae Reniform : upper pole 2,5cm from midline, lower 7,5cm

Posterior surface :
Hillar centre : Lower border of V.L1, 5cm from midline Reniform : lower pole 2,5cm from crista iliaca

Renal Relation

Kidneys concentric layers

Renal Capsule
A layer of collagen fibers Covers outer surface of entire organ

Adipose Capsule Renal Fascia

A thick layer of adipose tissue Surrounds renal capsule

A dense, fibrous outer layeranterior and posterior layer Anchors kidney to surrounding structures

Gross Anatomy
Shape
Two bean-shaped organs Lateral surface -- convex Medial surface -- concave Large, funnel-shaped chamber Consists of 2 or 3 major calyces Connected to ureter, which drains kidney

Renal Pelvis

The Structure of the Kidney

VASKULARISASI A. RENALIS CABANG AORTA ABDOMINALIS VL2 PECAH MENJADI DIVISI ANT. & DIVISI POST. 5 CAB. UNTUK 5 SEGMEN VASKULARISASI : APICAL (SUP.) POLUS CRANIALIS (V&D) ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ANTERIOR INFERIOR INFERIOR 1/3 BAG. BAWAH (V&D) POSTERIOR LINEA BRODEL avascular

S35

Blood Supply : A.renalis A.segmentalis A.interlobaris A.arcuata

S36

A.interlobularis
A.afferent

Upper urinary tract

Renal calyces and pelvis Located : sinus renalis Pelviureteric junction extrahillar, lower part of medial border of kidney

Ureters
Pair of muscular tubes 30 cm. (12 in) Each ureter begins at the funnelshaped renal pelvis Tubular organs that transport urine Move urine from the kidneys to urinary bladder

Radiography
Descending or excretion pyelography Ascending or retrograde pyelography
Normal capping of the minor calyces clinically important obliterated hydronephrosis

The constriction of

ureter
PELVIS RENALIS URETER PARS ABD. PARS PELVINA BEFORE

ENTER

URINARY

BLADDER

Urinary Bladder
Functions as temporary reservoir urine storage Full bladder can contain 1 liter of urine Lining the urinary bladder has folds (rugae) that disappear as bladder fills
The Trigone of the Urinary Bladder :Is a

triangular area bounded by:

openings of ureters entrance to urethra

VESICA URINARIA
BENTUK/UKURAN/POSISI SGT. BERVARIASI

KAPASITAS :

RATA2 120 - 320 CC ( 280 CC)

NORMAL MAX 500 CC

BAGIAN2: 4 FACIES : SUPERIOR POST.(FUNDUS = BASIS) 2 INFEROLAT. COLLUM

APEX

EXCAVATIO : VESICORECTALIS VESICOUTERINA SYMPHYSEO-VESICALIS

Bladder capacity
125-320 cc Mictie : 280 cc > 500cc pain caused by tension Reffered pain : T11- L2, S2-4 lower ant abd wall, perineum, penis

Urethra
Begins at the neck of the urinary bladder Moves urine from urinary bladder to the outside of the body Females = 4 cm. (1.5 in.) long Males = 20 cm. (8 in.) long Divided into prostatic, membranous, and spongy (penile) portions. Male urethra also transports semen during ejaculation

Reproductive System

The Reproductive System

Gonads: Ducts:
organs that produce gametes and hormones receive and transport gametes

Accessory glands:

Perineal structures:

secrete fluids into ducts

collectively known as external genitalia

Male Reproductive System

Production and Pathway of Spermatozoa :

Testes Epididymis Ductus deferens

vas deferens

Ejaculatory duct Urethra

Accessory Organs
Secrete fluids into ejaculatory ducts and urethra:
seminal vesicles prostate gland bulbourethral glands

External Genitalia
Scrotum
Encloses testes Is a fleshy pouch Suspended inferior to perineum Anterior to anus Posterior to base of penis

Penis erectile organ contains distal portion of urethra Testes Egg-shaped 5 cm long, 3 cm wide, 2.5 cm thick Weighs 1015 g Hangs in scrotum

The Structure and Function of Testes

Structure Seminiferous tubules

Spermatogenesis

Produce sperm Each is about 80 cm long Testis contains about 1/2 mile of tightly-coiled seminiferous tubules Is the process of sperm production Begins at outermost cell layer in seminiferous tubules Proceeds toward lumen

Hormone Production
Testosterone

TESTES LAYERS
TUNICA VAGINALIS : TUNICA ALBUGINEA. - MEDIASTINUM TESTIS. SEPTA 250 LOBULUS
Lamina parietalis Lamina visceralis

Lamina parietalis tunica vaginalis

Lamina visceralis tunica vaginalis Tunica albuginea

EPIDIDYMIS.
The beginning of male reproduction tract Spiral form canal and have 7 m long
Attachment at margo posterior testis

Have three segment :caput, corpus, and cauda

Ductus Deferens
Cauda epidydimisductus ejaculatorius Each about 4045 cm long Start form cauda epididymis Storage of sperm

Ductus ejaculatorius
About 2 cm long Merger of ampula ductus deferens and ductus vesica seminalis Passing through prostate gland Enter the urethra pars prostatica

Glandula Prostate
Organ berotot dengan diameter kl 4 cm. Melingkari urethra proximalis:
Terdiri dari 30- 50 glandular tubuloalveoler. Dibungkus otot polos. Membentuk 20 30 % volume semen.
Berada ddi bawah versica urinaria

PROSTAT.
BAGIAN BAGIAN: PERMUKAAN : POSTERIOR ANTERIOR INFEROLATERAL (2). LOBUS: SATU LOBUS MEDIUS. DUA LOBUS LATERAL.

SCROTUM
Contains of: 1. TESTES 2. EPIDIDYMIS 3. FUNICULUS SPERMATICUS.

FUNICULUS SPERMATICUS
Consist of: 1. DUCTUS DEFERENS. 2. A.TESTICULARIS 3. PLEXUS PAMPINIFORMIS. 4. A.CREMASTERICA. 5. LYMPH

PEMBUNGKUS FUNICULUS SPERMATICUS.

SCROTUM FASCIA SPERMATICA EXTERNA
(fascia M.obliquus abdominis externus)

FASCIA/M. CREMASTERICA
(fascia m.obliquus abdominis internus)

FASCIA SPERMATICA INTERNA

(fascia transversalis)

TUNICA VAGINALIS

(peritoneum)

VASCULARISASI
A.CREMASTERICA A.SPERMATICA INTERNA R.SCROTALIS ANTERIOR
CABANG DARI A. PUDENDA EXTERNA.

R.SCROTALIS POSTRIOR
CABANG DARI A.PUDENDA INTERNA.

Penis
Tubular Organ : Passed by urethrae Passages urine Introduces semen into female vagina Three segment: Radix penis Corpus penis Glans penis

Blood Supply of Penis

A. BULBOURETHRALIS A. PROFUNDA PENIS. A. DORSALIS PENIS.

INNERVATION
N.DORSALIS PENIS. R.PROFUNDA N.PERINEALIS. R.ANTERIOR N.ILIOINGUINALIS.

SPERM TRANSPORT
TUBULUS SEMINIFERUS
RETE TESTIS

TUB.RECTI

DUCTUS EFFEREN

EPIDYDIMIS (storages and maturation)

DUCTUS DEFERENS
EJACULATORIUS

DUCTUS
URETHRA

Organs of the Female Reproductive System

Ovaries
Uterine tubes Uterus

Fallopian tubes

Vagina
External genitalia

The Female Reproductive System

Produces sex hormones and functional gametes
Protects and supports developing embryo Nourishes newborn infant

Ovaries
The functions : Production of immature female gametes (oocytes) Secretion of female sex hormones (estrogens, progestins)

Oogenesis
Also called ovum production Begins before birth Accelerates at puberty Ends at menopause Ovarian Cycle
Includes monthly oogenesis: between puberty and menopause

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes

Fallopian tubes or oviducts Are hollow, muscular tubes about 13 cm long Transport oocyte from ovary to uterus

Three Segments of the Uterine Tube

1. Infundibulum:
an expanded funnel near ovary fimbriae fingerlike processes surrounding entrance to uterine tube Inner surfaces lined with cilia:
beat toward middle segment

2. Ampulla:

3. Isthmus:

middle segment smooth muscle layers in wall become thicker approaching uterus a short segment between ampulla and uterine wall

Functions of the Uterine Tubes

Involves:
ciliary movement peristaltic contractions in walls of uterine tube

From infundibulum to uterine cavity:

normally takes 34 days

For fertilization to occur:

secondary oocyte must meet spermatozoa during first 1224 hours

Fertilization typically occurs:

near boundary between ampulla and isthmus

Uterus
Provides for developing embryo (weeks 18) and fetus (week 9 through delivery):
mechanical protection 2. nutritional support 3. waste removal
1.

Regions of the Uterus

1. Body
Also called corpus Is largest portion of uterus Ends at isthmus

2. Fundus
Is rounded portion of uterine body: superior to attachment of uterine tubes

3. Cervix
Is inferior portion of uterus Extends from isthmus to vagina Distal end projects about 1.25 cm into vagina

Vagina
Is an elastic, muscular tube Extends between cervix and vestibule 7.59 cm long Highly distensible Cervix
Fornix
projects into vaginal canal

Lies parallel to:

is shallow recess surrounding cervical protrusion

rectum, posteriorly urethra, anteriorly

Functions of the Vagina

1. Passageway for elimination of menstrual fluids 2. Receives spermatozoa during sexual intercourse 3. Forms inferior portion of birth canal

The Female External Genitalia

Mons Pubis and Labia Majora
Form outer limits of vulva:
protect and cover inner structures contain adipose tissue

Sebaceous glands and apocrine sweat glands:

secrete onto inner surface of labia majora

The Female External Genitalia

Labia Minora
Small folds Covered with smooth, hairless skin

Clitoris
A small protruberance in vestibule Has same embryonic structures as penis Extensions of labia minora:
form prepuce or hood

The Female External Genitalia

Vestibule
Is a central space bounded by the labia minora

Glands
Paraurethral (Skenes) glands :discharge into urethra near external opening Vestibularis (Bartholins) glands : discharge into vagina opening

Mammary Glands - Breast

Lie in pectoral fat pads deep to skin of chest Modified apocrine sweat glands 15 to 20 lobes divided by connective tissue
Nipple on each breast Areola
contains ducts from mammary glands to surface reddish-brown skin around each nipple

Radial arrangement around nipple