BIOCHIP

Presented By Sona Bera

INTRODUCTION
Symbiosis between electronics and biology/medicine

In Brief
Bio + Chip = Biochip
Bio: stands for any biological entity eg: protein, DNA Chip: a computer chip Biochip: a mate between biological entity and a computer

In Brief
Collection of miniaturized test sites of living entities (micro arrays) arranged on a solid substrate that permits many tests to be performed at the same time in order to achieve higher throughput, speed, accuracy and smaller size

Types of Biochips
Biochip
Function
Interaction Capture

Position
Implantable External

BIOCHIP PLATFORM
Requires micro array technology, transduction and signal processing technologies to output the results of sensing experiments

Basic Principle
The biochip consists of probes (DNA,RNA)represented by a point on a support (chip). These probes bind very specifically the targets present in the biological samples to test.

Fabrication Problem

Transponder
The implantable biochip Passive Biochip: No Batteries Composed of
Microchip Antenna coil Tuning capacitor Glass Capsule

Transponder
Computer Chip: Stores the unique ID number

Transponder
Antenna Coil: Primitive Radio antenna to receive and send signals Tuning Capacitor: Charged by the small (1/1000 of Watt) signal sent by the reader Glass Capsule: Made of biocompatible material such as soda lime glass, hermetically (air-tight) sealed, covered with Polypropylene polymer

Implant
Injected by a Hypodermic syringe beneath the skin Usually behind the neck in cats and dogs

Reader/Scanner
Transmits a small signal Charges the tuning capacitor ID number transmitted by the transponder

APPLICATIONS
Tracking and identification devices in animals around 1983 for monitoring fishery Now widely used in monitoring pets and animals in zoos Implanted under the skin of the animal with a unique ID number A biochip can store and update financial, medical, demographic data, basically everything about a person

APPLICATIONS
Biochip as Glucose Detector Biochip as an Blood Pressure sensor

Biochips really are potent in replacing passports, cash, and medical records

CONCLUSION
A chip implanted somewhere in human bodies might serve as a combination of credit card, passport, driver's license, personal diary. No longer would it be needed to worry about losing the credit cards while traveling. A chip inserted into human bodies might also give us extra mental power. The really fascinating idea is under fast track research "but we're close. The day in which we have chips embedded in our skins is not too far from now. "This is science fiction stuff." This is a true example to prove science really starts with fiction.

Questions

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