5 April, 2014

Crude Oil

Using your general knowledge to complete these questions

(You have 5 minutes max!)
List three uses of crude oil How is burning oil bad for the atmosphere? What is combustion?
(E grade) (C grade) (A* grade)

What is crude oil?

Success criteria
By the end of the lesson you should .......be able to:
All Must (Grade C) Be able to explain what crude oil is Most Should (Grade B) Know how to separate a mixture of liquids Some could (A-A*) Explain the uses of the fractions

Where is oil found?

Where does oil come from?

Crude oil was made over millions of years from tiny plants and animals, called plankton. The plankton on the left would form oil in about 150 million years time if the sea bed is not disturbed.

Crude oil
Crude oil is a mixture. It contains hundreds of different compounds. Some are small but most are large. Nearly all of these compounds contain carbon and hydrogen only. They are called hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen only.

Key terms
hydrocarbon a compound made from carbon and hydrogen only
crude oil a very important mixture of hydrocarbons

The importance of oil

These hydrocarbons are vital to our way of life. We use them as highly portable fuels for many forms of transport. We also use them as raw materials from which a huge range of useful everyday substances are made.

A few facts:
The UK uses a football stadium full of oil every day. The oil the world uses in a year weighs the same as 3 billion cars. The USA uses the most oil

In the UK, 80% of the price of petrol is tax.

Making oil useful

Although we can get useful substances from oil, crude oil itself has no uses. In order to make crude oil into useful substances we first have to separate the mixture into molecules of similar size. This is done in an oil refinery.

What is crude oil?

Crude oil is a mixture of different sized hydrocarbons. The exact composition depends upon where the oil comes from but typically it contains a lot of big molecules.
Small molecules Big molecules Medium molecules

Fuel gas Naphtha Diesel

Petrol Kerosine
Fuel Oil and bitumen

Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil

Fractional Distillation
Crude oil is split into fractions containing similar sized molecules using fractional distillation. The oil is heated until it vaporises. It then passes up a tall tower that is hot at the bottom but cool at the top. As the vapour passes up this tower the molecules cool and condense back to liquid. c o o l

h o t

Fractional Distillation
Copy the column and arrange the fractions in the right order next to the arrows.
Fraction Kerosene Diesel Petrol Bitumen Fuel gas Fuel Oil Boiling Range (oC) 150 - 240 220 275 40 - 175 >500 Below 40 360

c o o l

Fuel gas Petroleum Kerosene Diesel

h o t

Fuel Oil

Bitumen

refinery gas
gasoline

Fractional Distillation

Uses of fractions from crude oil

Fraction Use

gases Petrol Kerosine Diesel oil Fuel oil Bitumen

Bottled gas for gas cookers,, camping gas , LPG fuel for cars, electricity generators aircraft fuel Trucks, and some cars (diesel engines) lubrication Boilers in ships or buildings Covering road surfaces , waterproofing flat roofs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1uu0Uqhd_c