University of Palestine

Computer Graphics
ITGD3107

Presentation name :

Three Dimensional Viewing

Prepare: Supervision:

Mohammed J. el-masre Nidal M. El-Borbar

Dr. Sana'a
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Contents 3D Viewing Camera Analogy Viewing Pipeline Camera Modeling w/ OpenGL Projections Types of Projections Perspective Projection Parallel Projection Projection Matrix Projection of Lines 3D Viewing with OpenGL Matrix Modes Three Dimensional Viewing
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3D Viewing
The steps for computer generation of a view of a three dimensional scene are somewhat analogous to the processes involved in taking a photograph.

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Camera Analogy
1. 2. 3.

Viewing position Camera orientation Size of clipping window

Orientation

Window (aperture) of the camera Position

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Viewing Pipeline
The general processing steps for modeling and converting a world coordinate description of a scene to device coordinates:

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Viewing Pipeline
1.
Construct the shape of individual objects in a scene within modeling coordinate, and place the objects into appropriate positions within the scene (world coordinate).

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Viewing Pipeline
World coordinate positions are converted to viewing coordinates.

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Viewing Pipeline
Convert the viewing coordinate description of the scene to coordinate positions on the projection plane.

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Viewing Pipeline
Positions on the projection plane, will then mapped to the Normalized coordinate and output device.

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Camera Modeling w/ OpenGL

camera coordinate system viewport coordinate system device/screen coordinate system

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) ...

glViewport(0,0,xres,yres)

glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) ...
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Projections
Once the view volume is determined, a projection transformation will convert the object in the 3D view volume to a 2D image on the projection plane.

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Types of Projections

Perspective Projection

Parallel Projection

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Perspective Projection (1/2)

Give a realistic view of 3D objects, but does not preserve shape of object or scale Perspective images of parallel lines not parallel with projection plane converge to a point called vanishing point Size of object is diminished with distance Used in architectural, engineering, industrial design, and advertising drawings
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Perspective Projection (2/2)

1-point perspective

Most popular

2-point perspective
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3-point perspective
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Parallel Projection

Accurate and same-scale measurements Not realistic, and may require multiple projections to get a complete feeling of the object Used in drawings of machine parts and in working architectural drawings

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Parallel Projection (3/3)

Isometric
Multi-view orthographic

cavalier

cabinet
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Oblique
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Projection Matrix (1/3)

y
Pp(xp,yp,d) = ??? x P(x,y,z)

xp yp d 1

= Mper/ort

x y z 1

COP
d 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1/d

z
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 d 1
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Mper =

Mort =
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Projection Matrix (2/3)

y Pp(xp,yp,0) = ??? P(x,y,z) x COP d 1 0 0 0 z 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1/d 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
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xp yp 0 1

= Mper/ort

x y z 1

Mper =

Mort =
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Projection Matrix (3/3)

Pp(xp,yp,0) = ??? x or y COP P(x,y,z)

Mgeneral =

1 0 0 0

0 1 0 0

a/c b/c d/Q/c 1/Q/c

da/c db/c d2/Q/c+d d/Q/c+1

d (a, b, c)

z
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Projection of Lines
y x
Parametric representation of a line that goes through P(px, py, pz) and has direction c = (cx, cy, cz) l(t) = P+ct where t (-, + ) The projected line is

COP d

x(t) = d(px+cxt)/(pz+czt)

y(t) = d(py+cyt)/(pz+czt)

If the original line is parallel to the projection plane (cz = 0) x(t) = d(px+cxt)/pz, y(t) = d(py+cyt)/pz, the slope of the projected line is cy/cx, independent of the position of the original line. The projected lines of parallel lines must be parallel
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3D Viewing with OpenGL

Viewing transformation: set the position and orientation of the viewpoint Modeling transformation: set the orientation of the model (translate, rotate, scale) Projection transformation: set the view volume and do the projection Viewport transformation: Set the viewport on the computer screen where the scene will be drawn

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Matrix Modes

Modelview matrix Set the viewpoint and object location by modifying this matrix glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)

If projection matrix is modified Specify the view volume by modifying this matrix glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) If texture matrix is modified glMatrixMode(GL_TEXTURE)
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References & External links

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3dviewing http://anonymouse.org/cgi-bin/anonwww.cgi/http://www.eazyupload.net/download/jtg3c0c6/0135309247.zip.htm http://eazy1.eazyupload.net/download/0ea47c0c7d5c5b872be23f3a8933086 3/0135309247.zip http://dl1.s24.ifile.it/9gtkix4c/prentice_hall__computer_graphics_c_version_2ed_-_hearn__baker.pdf
Our Book computer_graphics_c_version_2ed

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