Protozoology

INTRODUCTION
Isna Indrawati Department of Parasitology

PROTOZOA
Unicellular animal with full functions and carry out complex metabolic activities. relatively complex internal structure
Most species are free living

Total species > 50,000 and parasitic:

about 10,000

 Some species are considered commensals , some are pathogen Protozoan diseases range from very mild to life-threatening depend on : the species and strain of the parasite the resistance of the host.

Classification
Class Rhizopoda Ciliata Mastigophora / Flagellata Sporozoa

Morphology
Vary in size and shape parasitic protozoa in humans are < 50 m in size. intracellular forms : are 1 - 10 m long

Balantidium coli may measure 70 m (extracellular)

Life Cycle Stages

1. Trophozoites / vegetative / proliferative.
Active, feeding and multiply Relative thin wall/ cell membrane

2. Cysts :
stages with a thickened wall Not active protective stages resistant to bad environment

Morphology
Ectoplasm Cytoplasm Endoplasm

Nucleus : 1 or > 1 : vesicular / compact

Morphology
plasma / cell membrane enclosing the cytoplasm Ectoplasm: the outer and transparent layer Endoplasm : the inner layer containing organelles, such as Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, food vacuoles, contractile vacuoles

Morphology

Nucleoplasma

endoplasma

ektoplasma

Several types of nucleus

achromatic fibrils

Chromatin granule

Nuclear membrane

 Some protozoa have a cytosome or cell mouth for ingesting and cytopyge for excretion Locomotive organelle Pseudopodium, flagellum, cilia, undulating membrane In flagellata : a kinetoplast associated with the flagellum.

Reproduction
Binary

Asexual

fission Schizogony Cyst

Sporogony

Sexual

( after gametogony) syngamy

Sexual reproduction
Conjugation: exchange of nuclear materials of 2 cells Sporogony ( after Gametogony) : sexually differentiated cells unit zygote

Reproduction
Binary fission : results in 2 daughter cells
simple,

longitudinal

transversal

Binary fission
Endodyogeny: by internal budding results in 2 cells, e.g. : Toxoplasma

Schizogony: multiple fission, results in multiple cells

Source :www.sciencedirect.com

Multiple fission: Cyst

Sexual reproduction

Syngamy / conyugation
exchange of nuclear materials of 2 cells

Sexual : Sporogony ( After Gametogony)

Gamogony

Sporogony : ordo Coccidia

Source:biology.unm.edu

Transmission
Cyst / oocyst Vegetative / trophozoite Method of transmission Contaminated food and water Sexual intercourse Parentral Sucking blood vector

Pathology and Clinical symptom

Depending on :
Organ that was infected Life cycle and reproduction methods of species Enzymes/ toxin produced by the protozoa Progress of the disease

Thank You