What is Design?

Design is a creative planning process that leads to useful products and systems.

There is no perfect design.

Requirements of a design are made up of criteria and constraints.

What is the Design Process?

The design process is a purposeful method of planning practical solutions to problems.

The design process is never final; there are always multiple solutions to a problem. The design process is influenced by requirements called criteria and constraints.

Design Process

Communicate Results

Define the Problem

Improve Design

Brainstorm

Define the Problem

Defining the problem is like conducting detective work. You must examine the evidence and form some conclusions.

Test and Evaluate

Design Process

Research

Model or Prototype

Develop Ideas Choose Best Idea

Examples: Design a vehicle that can communicate with other vehicles to prevent accidents.

Design an athletic shoe that decreases the amount of sprained ankles when worn on hardwood gym floors.

Communicate Results

Define the Problem Brainstorm

Improve Design

Brainstorm
Brainstorming involves bringing a group of people together to generate many different ideas.

Test and Evaluate

Design Process

Research

Model or Prototype

Develop Ideas Choose Best Idea

Examples: Make the athletic shoe out of plastic. The shoe needs to grip the floor; the bottom should be made of rubber. The ankle support should be stiff. Dont forget the air vents.
All ideas are considered none are criticized!

Communicate Results

Define the Problem Brainstorm

Improve Design

Research
Research may require going to the library, using computer databases, writing letters, performing experiments, and asking questions.

Test and Evaluate

Design Process

Research

Model or Prototype

Develop Ideas Choose Best Idea

Examples: Read books and magazines View films or videos Search the Internet Ask questions of the experts

Create and analyze a survey

Communicate Results

Define the Problem Brainstorm

Improve Design

Develop Ideas
Develop multiple ideas that will solve the problem and meet the requirements. The alternatives may all be quite diverse.

Test and Evaluate

Design Process

Research

Model or Prototype

Develop Ideas Choose Best Idea

Criteria: How will the solution actually work? What materials should I use? What should the product look like so that people will buy it?

Constraints:
Will it be completed by the deadline? What size should it be?

Communicate Results

Define the Problem Brainstorm

Improve Design

Choose Best Idea

Decide on an idea that best meets the criteria, fits within the constraints, and has the least amount of negative characteristics.

Test and Evaluate

Design Process

Research

Model or Prototype

Develop Ideas Choose Best Idea

List the strengths and weaknesses of each alternative.

Optimization Making improvements to the design idea for better performance or increased safety
Trade-off Giving up one desirable trait for another (i.e., giving up on using a certain material so that the object is more affordable)

Communicate Results

Define the Problem Brainstorm

Improve Design

Model or Prototype
Model building is used to gather additional information and test design ideas.

Test and Evaluate

Design Process

Research

Model or Prototype

Develop Ideas Choose Best Idea

Examples: Realistic drawings or renderings help you visualize what the solution will look like in real life. Scale models or mock-ups are small, accurate representations of the final product.

3D CAD (computer aided designs) can show objects in action.

A prototype is a working model; it looks and functions just like the finished product.

Communicate Results

Define the Problem Brainstorm

Improve Design

Test and Evaluate

Models of design solutions must be tested and important questions must be answered during the evaluation.

Test and Evaluate

Design Process

Research

Model or Prototype

Develop Ideas Choose Best Idea

Is it safe for people and the environment?

Is it comfortable?
Is it affordable? Is it aesthetically pleasing (does it look good)? Will it last as long as it needs to? Does it meet the criteria and constraints? Does it work?

Communicate Results

Define the Problem Brainstorm

Improve Design

Improve Design
After studying all test data and evaluating design solutions, you may need to make changes.

Test and Evaluate

Design Process

Research

Model or Prototype

Develop Ideas Choose Best Idea

Now is the time to improve a design before production begins. During the improve design phase, you may consider new ideas.

Communicate Results

Define the Problem Brainstorm

Improve Design

Communicate Results
Share your design ideas with others to prove the design is worthy of manufacturing.

Test and Evaluate

Design Process

Research

Model or Prototype

Develop Ideas Choose Best Idea

Examples:
Poster Drawings Charts Prototypes PowerPoint presentation Reports Discussion

Current Designs in DepEd

School Based Management (SBM) School Improvement Plan (SIP)

Purpose:

1. to determine the level of the SBM practices of the school.

2. to come up with the schools action plan towards the attainment of higher learning outcomes.

The Department of Education is pursuing policy reforms under the Basic Education Sector Reform Agenda ( BESRA ) geared towards the attainment of the Education for All ( EFA ) 2015.

KRT 1 School-Based Management

SBM underscores the empowerment of key stakeholders in school communities to enable them to actively participate in the continuous improvement of the school.

Assessment is also important to determine the directions of improvements to attain the mature level of SBM practice. Thus, Assessment Tool for SBM practices was formulated.

SCALE OF SBM PRACTICES

LEVEL 1 ( Standard )
refers to compliance of the minimum requirements for securing and managing inputs, establishing appropriate structures and mechanisms, and improving processes that affect instruction and student achievement in order to produce the desired levels of outputs that lead to improved learning outcomes LEVEL II ( Progressive ) intensifies mobilization of resources and maximizes efforts of the school to achieve desired learning outcomes.

LEVEL III ( Mature ) goes further by maximizing efforts of the school and the community/stakeholders to achieve higher learning outcomes.

SBM DIMENSION

RESPONDENTS

SBM 1. School Leadership

School Head Assistant Head/Head Teachers/Dept Heads/Grade Chair

SBM 2. Internal Stakeholders

Parent Association Representative

Teacher Association Chair Head of Student Council/organization

SBM 3. External Stakeholders

Parents Association Representative LGU/Barangay Chair/Rep SGC Chair

Chair of any other groups e.g. alumni

DIMENSION

RESPONDENTS

SBM 4. School Improvement Process

School Head Parent Association Representative Teacher Association Chair

Head of Student Council/organization

SBM 5. School-Based Resources School Head Person In-charge of School Funds SGC Chair PTA Representative LGU/Barangay/Representative School Head PTA Representative Teacher Association Chair Head of Student Council SGC Chair LGU/Barangay/Representative

SBM 6. School Performance Accountability

NUMBER OF ITEMS PER DIMENSION

DIMENSION 1. School Leadership 2. Internal Stakeholders 3. External Stakeholders 4. School Improvement 5. School Resources 6. School Performance Accountability TOTAL Process

LEVEL I 29 23 27 31 17 23 150

LEVEL II 35 28 15 27 18 14 137

LEVEL III 49 38 18 25 21 19 170

SCORING TEMPLATE LEVEL I LEVEL II SCORE LEVEL III ITEMS 49 38 18 25 SCORE

DIMENSION
I-School Leadership II- Internal Stakeholders III-External Stakeholders IV-School Improvement Process

ITEMS 29 23 27 31

SCORE ITEMS 35 28 15 27

V- School Resources
VI- School Performance Accountability TOTAL

17
23

18
14

21
19

150

137

170

Total Score/# of items X 100