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Surface Systems
Well
Where to apply Intelligent well technology? Initial screening criteria: reservoir candidates
Oil rims in heterogeneous reservoirs IOR projects in complex reservoirs Improvement of drainage strategies in reservoirs with technology maturity Offshore projects with economic potential Areas under environmental regulations
Intelligent Well technology vs. Reservoir types Critical zones: partially connected sands in the middle part of the reservoir
Reservoir scale Oil rims and complex IOR in mature heterogeneous reservoirs
Critical Zone: partially connected sands in the middle part of the reservoir
Change in petrophysical properties Bypassed Oil Irregular GOC & WOC
Gas Coning
Km
GOC
Critical zone
WOC m
Water coning Water / Gas Coning Change in reservoir architecture
Resistivity sensors:
Range 0-10 m Permanent monitoring
Borehole seismic:
4C/4D seismic:
3D geometry Reservoir coverage Limited resolution
More borehole seismic configurations are needed to improve well to well visualization
Km-m
0-10 m
Illustration by BP
+/- 2-200 m
How to determine the impact of geological variables at inter-well scale? Decision support tool for technology assessment
Variable 1
Variable 2
Variable n
NPV
-200.00 0.00 200.00 400.00 600.00
Analysis of results
STOIIP
1141.17
1895.83
Wells to drill
45
16
Plateau rate
5.6
14.0
Discount factor
11.57
8.52
Facility size
100.00
150.00
Recovery
40.5
43.5
Well cost
11.23
9.55
Well rate
6.16
13.84
-1
-0.5
0.5
Flow unit is the geological variable with more impact related with Intelligent well technology
150
100
50
25
15
5m
North Sea
Gulf of Mexico
Indonesia West Africa Venezuela
The design of isolated control zones should take into account the dimensions of the reservoir flow units to optimize production and avoid production problems
Scale prone
Drainage points
Bigger completion windows: high lateral and vertical heterogeneity but more homogeneous rock types (quartz arenites)
Isolated control zones: best geological options in reservoirs with bigger completion windows
C.- High angle wells perforated following the completion windows Example El Furrial Field - Venezuela
PRODUCTION BEHAVIOR HIGH ANGLE vs. CONVENTIONAL WELLS
3000
FUL-63
FUL-68 FUL-59
FUL-70 FUL-61
FUL-75 FUL-65
1/2"
2500
FUL-56
3/4" 1"
2000
1 1/4" 1 1/2"
1500
1000
500
Typical wells
0 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 OIL RATE (BOPD)
SPE 56430
Scale prone
Completion window
20-5 m
Horizontal well
Red intervals will produce sand/scale
since the beginning if they are perforated If yellow intervals are perforated any change in the flow regime will activate the production problems
Reservoirs with high lateral & vertical heterogeneity and high internal heterogeneity (rock type: litarenites)
Isolated control zones + 200 m B.- Optimal completion windows in small-channel zones: perforation optimization
Horizontal well
How to determine the impact of geological variables at perforation scale? Injector Monte Carlo Simulation
Decision variables
Injector Injection points Valves/chokes Zonal flow sensors Producer Drainage point Valves/chokes producer Permanent resistivity sensors
Producer
Surprise handling
Water Breakout
Injection points
Assumptions
Interwell data Distance between wells Completed interval Perforation rock types rock wettability rock strenght pore pressure barriers layers Surprise handling Water Breakout
Drainage points
Variability
Uncertainty
rock strength rock types rock wet ability layers internal barriers
Forecast
-1
Rock Strength
Reservoir Pressure
Initial Options Screening Prospective IW economic scenarios Discounted Cash Flow Analysis
Intelligent wells goal is to capture everyday events in the reservoir. Can we analyze them using conventional petroleum economics?
(1)
Production
4 2 0 1 -2 -4 -6 2 3 4 5
Initial Investment
Workover Costs
MULTILATERAL WELL
CONVENTIONAL WELL
<
NPV |MLT
Reservoir
scena. 1
scena. 2
scena. 3
High Risk
5 0
(3)
How to accelerate the implementation of advance drilling technologies? Knowledge management. Example MTL Technology; PDVSA, Venezuela
Activity Level
3 Technical Forum
Year 2000
Drilling/completion Maturity
Information Analysis Business Plan Coalescence Reservoir Review Technology Maturity Opportunity identification
Individual Effort
Mutual Help
Unification of Efforts
Results
Technology- a solution
The key: Right Technology in the right frame using the optimal oil recovery process Acceleration of technology implementation
20 Wells
5 Wells