SARADA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE

SARADA NAGAR, RAGHUNADHAPALEM, KHAMMAM

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO M.I.S.

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

L. Chandra Sekhar
B.Tech.,M.Tech.

M.I.S.

A management information system (MIS) provides information that organizations require to manage themselves efficiently and effectively. Management information systems are typically computer systems used for managing. The five primary components: 1.) Hardware, 2.) Software, 3.) Data (information for decision making), 4.) Procedures (design,development and documentation), and 5.) People (individuals, groups, or organizations).

M.I.S.

Academically, the term is commonly used to refer to the study of how individuals, groups, and organizations evaluate, design, implement, manage, and utilize systems to generate information to improve efficiency and effectiveness of decision making, including systems termed decision support systems, expert systems, and executive information systems.

M.I.S. : A CONCEPT

MIS is acronym of three words, viz., Management, Information, and Systems. In order to fully understand the term MIS, let us try to understand these three words.

Management

Management in the art of getting things done through and with the people in formally organised groups -- Koontz, 1972 The basic functions, which a manager performs in an organisation are listed under managerial functions.

Management

Managerial functions:
Planning Orgranising Staffing Directing Controlling.

Management

LEVELS OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY

Management

Information

Information, the second component in the term Management Information System, is considered as a valuable resource required by the management in order to run a business organization. Information is data that is processed and is presented in a form which assists decision-makers. It may contain an element of surprise, reduce uncertainty or provoke a manager to initiate an action.

Data usually take the form of historical records.

Information

System

A system is a set of elements which are joined together to achieve a common objective. The elements are interrelated and interdependent. Every system is said to be composed of sub-systems, which in turn are made up of other sub-systems. For example, in a manufacturing organization, raw material is input to a system, which is processed by using various organizational processing facilities to convert it into finished product (output).

System

Information

When feedback and control elements are attached to any system, to make it self-regulating and self-monitoring, it is known as cybernetic system. For example, a termostat controlled heating system which automatically monitors and regulates itself to maintain a desired temperature on the basis of feedback it gets from the environment.

M.I.S. : Definition

MIS is a system consisting of people, machines, procedures, databases and data models, as its elements. The system gathers data from the internal and external sources of an organization; processes it and supplies Information to assist managers in the process of decision-making. Here the word system implies that MIS follows a systems approach which means a holistic approach and is based on the concept of synergy where the output is greater than the sum of its parts.

M.I.S. Definition

MIS is not a single system, rather it is an integrated system where parts (sub-systems) fit into an overall design. A diagrammatic representation of the concept of MIS has been shown in fig.

M.I.S. Definition

Nature and Scope of MIS

The concept of MIS is interdisciplinary in nature, i.e., it has borrowed its concepts from a large number of disciplines like Accounting, Computers, Organizations, Management, Operations Research and Behavioural Science, etc.

Nature and Scope of MIS

Functions of MIS

Collect data Store and Process data Present information to managers

Characteristics of MIS

MIS is management oriented Management Directed Integrated System Avoids redundancy in data Storage Common data flow Heavy Planning element Subsystem concept Common database Flexibility and case of use. Computerisation