Baumrinds Parenting Styles

Introduction to Parenting Styles

During the 1960s psychologist Diana Baumrind identified four important dimensions of parenting after conducting a study on over 100 pre-school children using parental interviews and naturalistic observations. These four aspects that led to her classifications of parenting styles are:
Disciplinary strategies Warmth and Nurturance Communication Styles Expectations of Maturity and Control - Authoritarian - Authoritative - Indulgent - Neglectful

Based on these dimensions, Baumrind decided that parents show one of the four types of parenting styles with their children:

Authoritarian Parenting
Style: Restrictive, controlling, demanding Punishment: Frequent spanking, shows anger

Communication:
Little verbal exchange or sayings such as, you do it my way or else. Enforces rules but does not explain them.

Result: Children of
Authoritarian parents are often anxious, unhappy and fearful. They do not initiate in activities with others and have weak communication skills.

Examples of Authoritarian Parenting

Authoritarian parents are unreasonable in their demands and utilize harsh punishments for wrong doings that could be corrected through examples or positive reinforcement. Click on the link to watch a short skit! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeaG_Lx-keU&feature=related

Authoritative Parenting
Style: Encouraging, Punishment: warm, nurturing, explains constructive consequences and reasoning behind them. Communication: give-and-take, positive feedback, praise, open-ended Results: children of
authoritative parents are often cheerful and outgoing, achievement oriented and strive to meet their goals. They cope well with stress and have good relationships with peers.

Examples of Authoritative Parenting

-Authoritative parents use equality to explain their demands and the reasons behind them. -They get on their level to speak to their children about following rules. -They use positive reinforcement and praise often. - Children who are raise by authoritative parents are more willing to go to them for help and comforting. -They feel a better sense of trust and belonging. -These children are cooperative and understand why we need rules and consequences.

Neglectful Parenting
Style: Uninvolved Punishment: Few cases of punishment due to uninvolvement

Communication:
Little communication which leads to the childs sense that parents other aspects or life are much more important.

Result: Children of
Authoritarian parents are often socially incompetent, lack of self-control, low self-esteem, immature, and are not successful with independence

Examples of Neglectful Parenting

A neglectful parent always puts his/her needs and wants as first priority. Usually experiencing financial, emotional and social stress, neglectful parents are unable to encourage, teach or enable their children.

Involvement in addictive behaviors and lack of support or friendship can oftentimes leave children of neglectful parents with loneliness, fear and anxiety.

Indulgent/Permissive Parenting
Style: Highly involved Punishment: Allow with children but place few children to do as they demands or controls on please them Communication: Parents believe this will foster a creative, confident child. Overindulge verbally and materialistically Result: These children will rarely learn respect for others and have difficulty controlling their behavior. Might be domineering, egocentric, and noncompliant

Indulgent Parenting Continued

Responsive but undemanding Oftentimes create children who are demanding and selfish rather than loving and supportive Children typically possess good self-esteem and excellent social skills but can be less motivated in school because they are not held accountable for their own behavior Children are often impulsive, aggressive and lack independence

Baumrinds Parenting Styles

Accepting, Responsive

Rejecting, Unresponsive Authoritarian

Demanding, Controlling

Authoritative

Undemanding, Uncontrolling

Indulgent

Neglectful

Punishment
The most successful way to increase a desired behavior is to use positive reinforcement. Negative Reinforcement is to remove a negative stimulus following a response. This is the least successful way to increase a desired behavior.

Because you're late to work one morning, you drive over the speed limit through a school zone. As a result, you get pulled over by a police officer and receive a ticket.

When something desired is taken away in order to decrease a certain behavior, it is called Negative Punishment. This is the least effective of all punishments.

Co-parenting
Support given by each parent when raising a child Poor co-parenting can place children at risk Research shows coparenting as more beneficial than either maternal or paternal parenting in terms of development

Resources
Cherry, Kendra. (n.d.). Parenting styles. Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/pa renting-style.htm Dubai, Helen. (2011). Permissive parenting style. Retrieved from http://www.consistent-parenting-advice.com/permissiveparenting-style.html Dubai, Helen. (2011). Uninvolved parenting style. Retrieved from http://www.consistent-parenting-advice.com/uninvolved parenting-style.html Kidsplane. (n.d.). Parenting styles. Retrieved from http://www.kidsplane.com/parents/parenting_style/index.html Santrock, J. W. (2012). Essentials of Life-Span Development. (2nd ed.) New York: NY.