Normal occlusion

Yenny Yustisia Dept. Oral Biology

Dentistry UNEJ

Literally, the word "occlusion" means closing up (oc=up, and clusion = closing)
Is the changing interrelationship of the opposing surface of the maxillary and mandibular teeth, which occurs during movements of the mandible and the terminal full contact of the maxillary and mandibular dental arches (Gregory) The normal relation of the occlusal inclined planes of the teeth when the jaws are closed (Angle)

Kriteria oklusi normal

Semua gigi terletak dalam lengkung secara baik Hubungan yang harmonis antara lengkung gigi rahang atas dan rahang bawah
Hubungan antara tonjol baik, di rahang atas dan rahang bawah

Factors for achieving normal occlusion

The position, size and relationship of the bone in which the tooth develops The position and relationship of the tooth with in the bone The path which the tooth follows to reach the mucous membrane before eruption The forces which guide its course after eruption The forces which start to operate when the tooth contacts with its apparent Masticatory muscles have a balanced and normal function Normal temporomandibular joint

Ideal occlusion hypothetical formula

(Maxwell) presupposes and requires:

Normally developed coronal contour of properly coordinated mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions
Normally developed tooth and osseous, muscular, other anatomic and emerging structures

Static occlusion

Hubungan gigi-geligi rahang atas dan bawah dalam keadaan tertutup atau hubungan daerah kunyah gigi-geligi tidak berfungsi (statik)

Basic concepts
Balanced occlusion
Morphological occlusion Functional/individual/dynamic

occlusion

Balanced occlusion

Oklusi dikatakan baik/benar, apabila hubungan kontak antara geligi pada rahang bawah dan rahang atas memberikan tekanan yang seimbang pada kedua sisi rahang, baik dalam keadaan sentrik maupun eksentrik

Morphologic occlusion

Oklusi dikatakan baik/benar dinilai melalui hubungan antara geligi pada rahang bawah dan rahang atas pada saat gigi tersebut berkontak. Konsep ini menitikberatkan pada segi morfologiknya saja

Oklusi normal menurut Angle adalah apabila tonjol mesiobukal gigi molar pertama permanen rahang atas kontak dengan lekuk bukal (bukal groove) gigi molar pertama permanen rahang bawah

Dynamic/Individual/Functional Occlusion

Efektifitas fungsional tak dapat ditentukan oleh hubungan hirroglyphics (cusp,ridge dan groove) saja, tetapi harus ada keserasian antara komponen-komponen yang berperan dalam proses terjadinya kontak antar geligi tersebut.
Komponen tersebut: Gigi dan jaringan pendukungnya, otot-otot mastikasi dan sistem neuromuskulernya serta sendi temporomandibular

Larry Andrew s Six keys to normal occlusion

Molar relationship
crown angulation Crown inclination

Rotations
tight contacts, and occlusal plane

Key 1. Molar Relationship

The maxillary first permanent molar displayed a solid three- point contact with opposing teeth

The distal surface of the distal marginal ridge of the maxillary permanent first molar made contact and occluded with the mesial surface of the mesial marginal ridge of the mandibular permanent second molar The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary permanent fist molar fell within the buccal groove located between the mesial and middle cusps of the mandibular permanent first molaras indicated by Angle

The mesiolingual cusp of the maxillary permanent first molar was seated in the central fossa of the mandibular permanent first molar. (The molars and premolars enjoyed a cuspembrasure relationship buccally, and a cuspfossa relationship lingually.
The tips of the maxillary canines were slightly mesial to the mandibular canine-premolar embrasure- which is consistent with the caninerise concept)

Key II. Crown Angulation (Mesiodistal Tip)

By definition, the crown angulation is the mesiodistal tip of the long axis of the crown. It is the angle formed between the long axis of the crown (as viewed from a facial perspective) and a perpendicular line erected from the occlusal plane
It is positive when the gingival portion of the long axis of the crown is distal to the incisal portion , and vice versa. In normal occlusion, the crown angulation was positive for all the teeth

Key III. Crown Inclination (Faciolingual Torque)

By definition, the crown inclination is the faciolingual torque of the long axis of the crown. It is the angle formed between the facial long axis of the crown (as viewed from a proximal perspective) and a perpendicular line erected from the occlusal plane It is positive when the gingival portion of the long axis of the crown is lingual to the incisal portion, and vice versa In normal occlusion, the crown inclination was negative for all the teeth except the maxillary central and lateral incisors

the lingual crown inclination was similar for the maxillary canines through the maxillary second premolars, and was slightly more pronounced in the maxillary molars the lingual crown inclination progressively increased from the mandibular canines through the mandibular second molars

Key IV. Rotations

In normal occlusion, the dentition should be free from undesirable rotation .

If a molar is rotated, it would occupy more space than normal within the dental arch . The reverse is true for the anterior teeth

Key V. Tight contacts, no spacing

If there are no anomalies in the shape of teeth, or intermaxillary discrepancies in the mesiodistal tooth size, the contact points should abut in normal occlusion

Key VI. Occlusal Plane

occlusal plane is the imaginary plane on which the teeth meet in occlusion. (It is indeed a curved compound surface which is commonly approximated by a planestraight lines on lateral views-based on specific reference points within the dental arches)
normal occlusion, the occlusal plane should be flat or nearly flat (according to Andrews, the mandibular curve of spee should not be deeper than 1.5mm)

Relasi gigi anterior

Overjet (Jarak Gigit) Jarak horisontal incisal incisive rahang atas terhadap bidang labial incisive rahang bawah.

Overbite (Tumpang Gigit) Jarak vertikal incisal incisive rahang atas terhadap incisal incisive rahang bawah.

Relasi gigi posterior

Relasi gigi posterior cusp to marginal ridge : Cusp fungsional gigi rahang atas dan bawah saling bersandar pada marginal ridge gigi posterior lawannya.

Relasi gigi posterior cusp to fossa: Cusp fungsional gigi rahang atas dan bawah saling bersandar pada fossa gigi posterior lawannya.

Maxilla and mandibula relations

Physiological rest position

Posisi istirahat dari mandibula, saat seseorang dalam keadaan rileks dalam posisi tegak lurus dan otot-otot dalam keadaan istirahat atau posisi rahang bawah saat kepala dalam keadaan tegak lurus, dimana otot-otot kelompok elevator dan depresor tonus kontraksinya dalam keadaan seimbang dan kondili dalam keadaan netral atau tidak tegang.

Posisi ini dianggap konstan untuk tiap individu

Centric relation

mandibula terletak paling posterior dari maksila atau kondili terletak paling distal dari fossa glenoid, dimana masih dimungkinkan adanya pergerakaan dalam arah lateral mandibula terletak 1-2 mm lebih ke belakang dari oklusi sentris

Centric occlusion

Posisi kontak maksimal dari gigi-geligi pada waktu mandibula dalam keadaan sentrik, yaitu kedua kondili berada dalam posisi bilateral simetris di dalam fossanya ditentukan oleh panduan yang diberikan oleh kontak antara gigi pada saat pertama berkontak

Thank you...