IT Fundamentals

JIM Dharmendra Arora

 Defining IT

Technology involved in
data/information processing
in order to fulfill (business)
information needs
Computers
Mobile Devices
Peripherals
etc.

JIM Dharmendra Arora

 Common Components
All the technologies in IT has
following common components
Hardware
Software
Network
Database Management

JIM Dharmendra Arora

 The basic concept of processing

PROCESSING
INPUT OUTPUT

JIM Dharmendra Arora

 Processing Data
1. Collecting data-data collected from
number of sources
2. Organising data-data arranged in
relevant categories
3. Combining data-similar data
grouped together
4. Sorting data-ordering the data
5. Manipulating data-calculations
6. Summarising data-presenting
relevant data
JIM Dharmendra Arora
 IT Computing Devices-Hardware

SECONDARY/BACKUP MEMORY

INPUT MEMORY UNIT OUTPUT

ALU CONTROL UNIT

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

PRIMARY AIRTHMETIC/
CONTROL
STORAGE LOCIC
UNIT
UNIT UNIT

JIM Dharmendra Arora

 Types of Hardware Devices

1. Input Devices
2. Storage Devices
1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. CPU
4. Output Devices

JIM Dharmendra Arora

 Types of Software
System Software-performs basic
functions to start and operate a
computer.
System control software-OS
System support software-utility, language
translators, DBMS, performance statistics.
System development software-CASE
Application Software-performs people
oriented tasks

JIM Dharmendra Arora

 Hierarchy of data (stored in computer)

Bit-binary digit 0,1 (On, Off)

Byte-8bits to store a character of information
Field or item-one or more bytes to store data
about an attribute of an entity in an
information system. Payroll system-entity-
>employee, attribute->>name, pay etc.
Record-Collection of fields relating to a
specific entity. Record key identifies a record.
File or data set-collection of related records.
Database-all the related files, structured and
integrated to facilitate update of the file and
retrieval of information from them.

JIM Dharmendra Arora

 Database

HR File Sales File Payroll File

Record Record Record

Fields 2511700 DArora 200/day

11001101 11000100 11011100 Bytes

1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 Bits

JIM Dharmendra Arora

 How data gets accessed in a file

1. Sequential access- same order for

writing and reading, magnetic tape
2. Direct access- immediate direct
access to records in file
3. Indexed sequential access-index
shows where the record is located.
(eg. book)

JIM Dharmendra Arora

 How does a computer process data

Batch processing-eg. spooling in

printer
Immediate processing.

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 Making a computer work for you

JIM Dharmendra Arora

 Collaborate with networking

JIM Dharmendra Arora