MOTIVATION

Course: Organizational Behavior

Presented By: Syeda Tabinda
 MOTIVATION

• Motivation may be defined as:

“The willingness to exert high levels of

effort to reach organizational goals,
conditioned by the effort’s ability to
satisfy some individual needs”
 Introduction to motivation
• Employees were considered just another
input into the production of goods and
services.
• Study by Mayo from 1924 to 1932
concluded:
– employees are not motivated solely by money
– employee behavior is linked to their attitudes
• needs and motivation of employees
become the primary focus of managers
 MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES

• Five major approaches that have led to

our understanding of motivation are:
– Maslow's need-hierarchy theory,
– Herzberg's two- factor theory,
– Vroom's expectancy theory,
– Adams' equity theory,
– Skinner's reinforcement theory.
 MASLOW’S NEED THEORY
• According to
Maslow:
Employees have five
levels of need
-Physiological
-Safety
-Social
-Self esteem
-Self Actualization
 HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR
THEORY
• Categorized motivation into two
factors:
– Motivators
– Hygiene factors
 VROOM’S THEORY OF
MOTIVATION
• Vroom's theory is based on the belief that
employee effort will lead to performance
and performance will lead to rewards
(Vroom, 1964)
Good
Employ Efforts Performance

Positive rewards
ADAM’S THEORY OF
MOTIVATION
• Adams' theory states that employees
strive for equity between themselves
and other workers.
 SKINNER’S THEORY OF
MOTIVATION
• Skinner's theory simply states those
employees' behaviors that lead to
positive outcomes will be repeated
and behaviors that lead to negative
outcomes will not be repeated
(Skinner, 1953).
DEFINITION OF MOTIVATION

• the psychological process that gives

behavior purpose and direction
(Kreitner, 1995);
• an internal drive to satisfy an
unsatisfied need (Higgins, 1994);
• the will to achieve (Bedeian, 1993).
 ROLE OF MOTIVATION

• Motivated employees are needed in

our rapidly changing workplaces.
• Motivated employees help
organizations survive.
• Motivated employees are more
productive.
 MOTIVATING FACTORS
The ranked order of motivating factors were:
(a) interesting work
(b) good wages
(c) full appreciation of work done
(d) job security
(e) good working conditions
(f) promotions and growth in the organization
(g) feeling of being in on things
(h) personal loyalty to employees
(i) tactful discipline
(j) sympathetic help with personal problems.