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Drilling Engineering
Lesson 33
Horizontal Drilling
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Horizontal Drilling
Why Drill Horizontal Wells? Relative Production Rates Relative Costs Types of Horizontal Wells Drilling Problems & Solutions How Popular is Horizontal Drilling? Examples
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Production Rates
Oryx - Austin Chalk Vertical Well B/D Horizontal Well B/D Horizontal/Vertical Production Ratio
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15 5
507
215 107
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14 21
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Production Rates
Oryx drilled 7 wells from 1986 to 1989. Drilled ~ 85 wells in 1990
Vertical Well Drilling Cost: Horizontal Well Drilling Cost: Cost Ratio:
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Drilling Costs
Austin Chalk (1993)
Vertical well ~ $500,000 Recompletion as Horizontal Well ~ $375,000 New Horizontal Well ~ $1,000,000-2,000,000 ~ $100+/ft to $150/ft {these numbers are rough estimates only}
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Prudhoe Bay
Vertical Well: Horizontal Well: Production Ratio: Vertical Well: Horizontal Well: Cost Ratio:
3,000 4,000 B/D 10,000 - 12,000 B/D 3-4 235 $/ft 520 - 282 $/ft 2.2-1.2
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~6,000 ft
~8,000 ft
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Top Drive
Drill with 90-ft stands instead of 30-ft joints Circulate while pulling drillpipe out of hole Rotate drillpipe while pulling out of hole
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Summary
Horizontal wells may produce at 3-5 times the rate of vertical wells in the same area ( as much as 20 times higher in special cases). Horizontal wells typically cost 1.5-3 times as much as vertical wells in the same area.
Horizontal wells are often very attractive in formations with extensive vertical fractures.
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Summary
The use of horizontal wells has been growing - worldwide. Horizontal wells has increased our recoverable reserves. In the U.S. one rig in ten was drilling horizontal wells. (1994) (1998)
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Method:
Use conventional directional drilling technology
Use rigid bottom hole assemblies, motors & bent subs, stabilizers or Use Navigation drilling systems with steerable drilling motors
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Build Rate:
Build Radius:
Method:
Use modified long-radius drilling technology Use different motors for Angle Build and Angle Hold sections. Use a Tangent Section between the two build sections Use compressive service drillpipe through the curve if Build Rate > 15 deg./100 ft. (CS drillpipe has integral wear knots every ~ 10 ft)
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Short-Radius Wells
Build Rate:
Build Radius:
~ 1 - 3 degrees/ft
~ 20 - 40 ft
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Method:
Two downhole motor designs are available Drill vertical rathole to identify horizon Build angle with special curve-drilling assembly with a non-rotating shell that gives curvature to the tool After building angle to horizontal, use a special angle-hold assembly: this consists of two undergauge stabilizers behind the bit, and flexible drillpipe.
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