Our Planet Earth!!!

By: Mary Claudine Joy R. Astrera BSEd IV Physical Science

 Earth is the third planet from the Sun, and the densest and fifth-largest of the eight planets in the Solar System. It is also the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets. It is sometimes referred to as the world or the Blue Planet.

 Distance from Sun: 150 million kilometers (93.2 million miles) Orbital period: 365.256 days Rotational period: 23.9345 hours Tilt of axis: 23.45 degrees Diameter: 12,756 kilometers (7,973 miles)

Earth Facts

Mean density: 5.515 g/cc Mean surface temperature: 15C Atmospheric pressure: 1.013 bars Atmosphere composition: 77% N, 21% O and 2% other. Crustal rocks: Mid-ocean ridge basalt, andesites, granites, sandstones, shales, limestones, metamorphic.

Magnetic field Plate tectonics Hydrosphere Biosphere

Formation
The earliest material found in the Solar System is dated to4.56720.0006 therefore, it is inferred that the Earth must have been formed by accretion around this time. By 4.540.04, the primordial Earth had formed.

The formation and evolution of the Solar System bodies occurred in tandem with the Sun. In theory a solar nebula partitions a volume out of a molecular cloud by gravitational collapse, which begins to spin and flatten into a circumstellar disk, and then the planets grow out of that in tandem with the star.

 A nebula contains gas, ice grains and dust (including primordial nuclides). In nebular theory planetesimals commence forming as particulate accrues by cohesive clumping and then by gravity. The assembly of the primordial Earth proceeded for 10 20 myr. The Moon formed shortly thereafter, about4.53 bya.

We breathe:
80 60 40 20 0 per cen nitrogen oxygen trace

78% nitrogen 21% oxygen 1% argon, neon, carbon dioxide, neon, & krypton

nitrogen 78 oxygen 21 1 trace

Earth Structure
The Earth is made up of 3 main layers:
Core Mantle Crust
Crust Mantle

Outer core Inner core

 The interior of the Earth is divided into layers based on chemical and physical properties. The Earth has an outer silica-rich, solid crust, a highly viscous mantle, and a core comprising a liquid outer core that is much less viscous than the mantle, and a solid inner core.

 Working from the centre of the Earth out we have:

The inner core is a primarily solid sphere about 1220 km in radius situated at Earth's center. The liquid outer core is 2300 km thick and like the inner core composed of a nickel-iron alloy (but with less iron than the solid inner core).

- The mantle is approximately 2,900 km thick and comprises 70% of Earth's volume. (the core makes up about 30% of Earth's volume, with the outer crust.

- The outer most layer is the crust - this is the most familiar to us as it is where we live.

The Crust
This is where we live!
The Earths crust is made of:

Continental Crust - thick (10-70km) - buoyant (less dense than oceanic crust) - mostly old

Oceanic Crust - thin (~7 km) - dense (sinks under continental crust) - young

Our Natural Satellite

Earths natural satellites are like the moon. Earth has one natural satellite.

The moon orbits the Earth...

Sun

Earth
moon

...as the Earth orbits the Sun.

Why does the moon appear to change shape?

moon

moon moon

Earth

new moon

moon

It takes the moon 28 days to orbit the Earth. For 27 days out of this cycle, the Sun cannot shine on the

full moon

whole of the surface, facing the Earth. The light from the Sun can only shine on the whole surface for one night in each cycle: a full moon. On one night, no light from the Sun can reach the moon at all: a new moon.

Our Artificial Satellite

Artificial satellites are like radio stations and TV channels. Earth has more than any other planet.

Movements of the Earth

As the Earth orbits around the Sun, it also spins on its own axis; which is tipped, like a globes.

At any time, half of the Earth faces the sun and therefore receives light.
This part is in day.

This part is in night.

The other half faces away from the Sun, and so receives very little light.

What causes the Earths seasons?

As the Earth orbits the Sun, when its axis tips towards the Sun, the weather gets warmer. When it tips away, the weather gets colder, causing the Earths seasons.

In the northern hemisphere:

autumn here

spring here

winter here

summer here
autumn here winter here

spring here

In the southern hemisphere:

Rotation causes day & night.

Rotation is the turning or spinning of the Earth in one place on its imaginary axis. Rotation of the earth on its axis causes day & night. (answer A).

The revolution of the Earth around the sun

Takes 365 days or one year. NOTE: Due to the tilt of the Earths axis during revolution, the Earth experiences seasons.

The Earth rotates on its axis at c 900 miles an hour! As it rotates, the Earth is also orbiting the Sun at a speed of c 67,500 miles an hour!

But, dont worry! Thanks to the Earths gravity and atmosphere, we wont fall off.

Gravity
Gravity is what holds you down on Earth and not just let you float in the air. Gravity depends on the atmosphere.

Earths Past
Earth was full of dinosaurs and trees.

Earths Future
Earth, in time, will be horrible because trash will be all over the place. There might be hover crafts.

One day on Venus lasts 117 Earth days.

Jupiter whips around in just 9 hours and 57 minutes.

One day on Mars is about the same as one day on Earth.