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Section 5.

Mass and weight

• Weightlessness

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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 100)

Mass and weight


Measure weight of object:
using a spring balance Expt 5E
Mass and
weight

spring
balance

mass
hanger

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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 100)

Data-logging set-up
Expt. 5D
force
Mass and
sensor weight
computer (data-logging)

data-logging
interface

The results

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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 101)

Mass and weight


Mass (m) — measure of quantity of matter
inside a body

Earth
Weight (W) — measure of gravitational
attraction on a body towards
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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 101)

Mass and weight

Differences

Mass: Weight:
• Unit: kilogram (kg) • Unit: newton (N)
• Scalar quantity • A kind of force
• Vector quantity

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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 101)

Mass and weight

W = mg

Earth
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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 101)

Measuring devices

measuring mass: measuring weight:


beam balance spring balance
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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 102)

Weight at different positions

weight
mass
may change at different
positions universal constant
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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 102)

Weight at different positions

Gravitational acceleration (g) changes from


places to places

Earth Weight is position Moon


g = 10 dependent
g = 1.67

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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 103)

Weight at different positions

Values of g on different planets


Gravitational acceleration
Place Mass (m) / kg Weight (W = mg) / N
(g) / m s -2

Earth 10 100

Moon 10 1 of earth
= 1.67 16.7
6
Venus 9
of earth = 9 90
10
Jupiter 2.6 of earth = 26 260

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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 103)

Class Practice 8:
8

Write down the differences between mass and weight in


the table below. Ans
wer
Mass Weight

Unit kg N

Scalar or Vector? scalar vector

Measured by beam balances spring balances

Depend on position? No Yes

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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 104)

Weightlessness

What is “weightlessness”?

Lost our sensation of


No weight ? having weight (from the
reaction by the ground)

Go to

Activity 3
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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 105)

Edmond in a lift

Forces:
R = supporting force
on Edmond
(reaction
from ground)
mg = weight of Edmond
= 62 × 10
= 620 N
“normal weight = 620 N”
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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 105)

Edmond in a lift

1. Accelerating upwards, a = 1.4 m s−2


a = 1.4 m s-2
By F = ma
R − mg = ma
R= m (g + a)
∴ R= 62 × (10 +
1.4)
= 707 N
feel “heavier”

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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 105)

Edmond in a lift

2. Uniform motion, no acceleration

no net force, a = 0
R − mg = 0
∴ R= mg
= 62 × 10
= 620 N
feel “his own weight”

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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 106)

Edmond in a lift

3. Accelerating downwards, a = 1.4 m s−2

By F = ma
mg − R = ma
∴ R= m (g − a)
R= 62 × (10 −
1.4)
= 533 N
feel “lighter”

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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 106)

Edmond in a lift

4. cable breaks, FREE FALL, a = g

By F = ma
mg − R = ma
∴ R= m (g − g)
=0
“I feel no weight”
Actually W ≠ 0 but R = 0 only
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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 109)

Useful Website

Physics Zone: Lessons on Forces


(http://www.sciencejoywagon.com/physicszone
/lesson/02forces.htm)
Vector addition
(http://www.edp.ust.hk/physics/explore/dswmedia/vector
.htm)
Resultant of Forces (Addition of Vectors)
(http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/resultant.htm)
Test your response time
(http://topendsports.com/testing/reactime.htm)

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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 110)

Mind Map Tension


5.2 Action of forces Friction

Gravitational force
remain its
state of motion
balanced,
(net force = 5.1 Newton’s 1st concept of
0) inertia
law of motion

forces action unbalanced, F = ma


Force and (net force ≠ 0) 5.4 Newton’s 2nd 5.7 Mass and
on an object
motion law of motion weight

5.6 Newton’s 3rd action and


how does it law of motion reaction pair
react back?

5.3 Addition and


what happens when draw 5.5 Free body by using
force add together? resolution of
diagrams
forces
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The
The End
End

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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 104)

Activity 3
Weight inside a lift
Let’s start:

1. Enter a lift which is resting


on the ground floor. Place
a balance on the floor of
the lift.
2. Stand on the balance and
record the reading (mo).

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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 104)

Activity 3 (Cont)
Weight inside a lift
3. Press the sixth floor button
and close the lift door. The lift
starts to move upwards. At
that moment, record the
reading (m1) again.

4. After a while, observe the


changes in the reading when
the lift is still moving upwards. Ans
A while later, the reading of the balance wer
decreases to the original reading gradually.
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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 104)

Activity 3 (Cont)
Weight inside a lift
5. At the moment when the lift
is about to reach the sixth
floor, record the reading (m2)
again.

6. When the lift stops at the


sixth floor, take the reading
(m3).

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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 104)

Activity 3 (Cont)
Weight inside a lift

7. Are the readings mo, m1, m2


and m3 the same? Does your
weight change? Explain
briefly. Ans
wer

They are not the same:


m1 > mo = m3 > m2

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5.7 Mass and weight (SB p. 104)

Activity 3 (Cont)
Weight inside a lift

8. Repeat steps 2 to 6 when


the lift is moving downwards.
Describe the change in the
readings.
Ans
At first, the reading of the balance
wer
decreases slightly. Then the reading is
equal to the original reading. When the lift
stops, the reading increases slightly. Return to

Text
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