TIRE MODULE

TRAINING COURSE

PT. THIESS CONTRACTORS INDONESIA

BALIKPAPAN TRAINING CENTRE
 TECHNICAL TRAINING
＝ CONTENTS ＝

1. FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE OF TIRE

2. TIRE STANDARDS
3. TIRE NOMENCLATURE
4. TIRE MATERIAL
5. LOAD AND INFLATION
6. RADIAL TIRE ADVANTAGE
7. DIFFERENT PATTERNS AND TYPES OF TYRES
8. SPECIAL OPERATION
9. RIMS AND VALVES
1. FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE
OF TIRE
 Four Important Functions of a Tire

Supporting Load Absorbing Road Shocks

Changing and Maintaining

Transferring Traction &
Direction of Travel
Braking Forces to the Road
Surface
 Basic Components of a Tire
A tire can be broadly classified into four component groups:

Tire
TireStructure
Structure

Casing Belts
Tread Bead
Carcass Breakers
Construction:

Tread

Belt Breaker

Bead Wire

Carcass
Casing
Inner Liner
 Construction and Component Parts
Radial Bias
(Ex. Tubeless) (Ex. Tube Type)

Crown
Tread
Belt (Rubber)
(Steel)

Breaker
Shoulder (Nylon) Shoulder

Carcass Plies
Casing Ply Tube (Nylon)
Inner
(Steel) Liner
Sidewall Sidewall
Flap

Bead Bead
(Steel Wire)
Bead Bead
(Steel Wire)

Valve
Chafer
 Basic Components of a Tire

Tread
Tread

Tread
Tread Face
Face Shoulder
Shoulder
The tread is the outer Shoulders are sometimes
cover of a tire that referred to as buttresses
protects the casing and consist of thick
/carcass from damage rubber.
as well as resists wear and Their primary function
cutting. Tread patterns is to protect the
differ according to the casing/carcass
application required. from damage.
Shoulders
are designed with void
areas to help dissipate
heat.
 Basic Components of a Tire

Casing/
Carcass

The casing or carcass is the main body of a tire. It maintains

inflation pressure within the tire and endures load and road
shocks. The plies of reinforcing cords extend diagonally across
the tire in a bias ply tire, and are arranged in the radial direction
from bead to bead in a radial construction tire.
 Tire Basics
Basic Components of a Tire

Belts
Breakers

Belts are reinforcing tire cord
materials placed between the
tread and the casing in the
circumferential direction in
a radial ply tire. Their function
is to bind the casing firmly
enhancing the stability of the tread.
Breakers in a bias ply tire are
placed between the tread and the
carcass to absorb shocks to the
carcass and to prevent separation
of the tread from the carcass. The
breakers also help to resist cut
penetration of the carcass.

The belts also help resist cut

penetration.
 Basic Components of a Tire

Bead

Beads consist of one or more bundles of high steel wire. They serve to
support the casing or carcass cord(s), to anchor the tire ply or plies and to
hold the tire assembly on the rim. Normally, beads are designed with a
certain interference with the rim diameter so that the rim/tire interface
will be secure when the tire is inflated. Bias tires use one or more bead
bundles while radial tires use only a single bead bundle.
2. TIRE STANDARDS
 Tire Standards

Tire Standards are made up of representatives

of tire companies, rim manufactures, equipment
manufacturers, etc. that set size, load, inflation
pressure and classification standards in which
new and existing tires should conform.
 Tire Standards
International Standard
Region Institutional standard
National Standard
International ISO STD (The International Standard Organization)

(Japanese Industrial (The Japan Automobile Tire

Japan JIS Standard) JATMA Manufacturers' Association)
☆ FMVSS(Federal Motor
U.S.A. Vehicle Safety Standard) TRA (The TIre and Rim Association)

(The European Tire and Rim

EC ETRTO Technical Organization)

U.K. B.S. (British Standard) SMMT

France Fr.STD BNA

Italy CUNA
(Deuteche Industrie
F.R. Germany DIN WDK
Norman)
☆ ADR(Australian Design Rules (Tire and Rim Association
Australia ATRA
for Motor Vehicle Safety) of Australia)
Remarks ☆ : Governmental Regulations
 Tire Standard

TRA USA ETRTO EC ATRA AUSTRALIA

JATMA

JAPAN