Electricity!!!

Element Name Atomic Mass Atomic Number

Element Symbol

45 neutral 35 +

35 -

 Cation = ion with a + charge A charge of 2+ means that it has lost two electrons

IONS
Anion = ion with a - charge A charge of 3 means that it has gained three electrons

We measure electric charges in units called Coulombs (C).

Determine the charge in coulombs of an ion of aluminum, + .

= = (# )()

= = ( )(+. ) = .

Just like planets have a gravitational field, electrical charges have an electric field.

Electric field from an isolated + charge

Electric field from an isolated - charge

If you put a charged particle near another charged particle, it experiences a force.

It can be a force of attraction. Or it can be a force of repulsion.

Coulombs Law
For two electrically charged objects that are much smaller than the distance between them, the force between them varies directly as the product of their charges, and inversely as the square of the separation distance.

q1 = charge of particle #1
q2 = charge of particle #2 r = distance between particles k = proportionality constant 2 9 = 9.0 10 2

What is the electrostatic force of attraction between a proton and an electron, if they are separated by a distance of 3.0 103 ?
= +. = . = . = .

What is the electrostatic force of attraction between a proton and an electron, if they are separated by a distance of 3.0 103 ?
=
= (.

)(+.

)(. )

(. )2

(. 2 ) = (. )2

= .

Electrical P.E.
When excess - or + charges build up on a surface, they dont move, and are stored on the surface. This is an example of static electricity, or electric potential energy.

 Electric potential =

Electric potential is measured in volts (V). 1 =

1 1

A 1.5 V battery gives 1.5 J of energy to every 1 C of charge flowing through the battery.

How do electric charges move?

Electrical K.E.
Electrical current = the flow of electrons from one place to another. Current (I) is measured in amperes (A), & measures the rate at which electrons are flowing 1 =
1 1

Electrons are moving, so this is electric kinetic energy.

Direct Current (DC)

Alternating Current (A/C)

Resistance
Resistance (R) is measured in Ohms ().

Ohms Law
=

Find the current through a lightbulb, if the bulb has a resistance of 3.0 , and a voltage of 9.0 V.
= . = .

. = = = . .

Types of Circuits
A circuit in series is where all of the components of the circuit are lined up in one path. If any part of the circuit is broken, all of the components within the circuit will not work.

Types of Circuits
A circuit in parallel is where some of the components of the circuit branch out and make (an) additional path(s). If the circuit is broken at any one branch, only the components on that branch will turn off.

Electric Power
=

Power = the rate at which work is done Electric Power = the rate at which electric energy is converted into another form (heat, light, etc.)

A hair dryer that operates on 120 V and draws a current of 10 A. How much power does it use?
= . = .

= = =