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Electric Charge
Edexcel IGCSE Physics pages 66 to 73
Content applying to Triple Science only is shown in red type on the next slide and is indicated on subsequent slides by TRIPLE ONLY June 17th 2012
Edexcel Specification
Section 2: Electricity d) Electric charge identify common materials which are electrical conductors or insulators, including metals and plastics describe experiments to investigate how insulating materials can be charged by friction explain that positive and negative electrostatic charges are produced on materials by the loss and gain of electrons understand that there are forces of attraction between unlike charges and forces of repulsion between like charges explain electrostatic phenomena in terms of the movement of electrons explain the potential dangers of electrostatic charges, eg when fuelling aircraft and tankers explain some uses of electrostatic charges, eg in photocopiers and inkjet printers.
Electrical insulators have a very high resistance to the flow of electric current.
TRIPLE ONLY
Electric charge
Electric charge can be either positive or negative. In an atom an electron has a negative charge that is of the same size as the positive charge of a proton. Neutrons have no electric charge. As an atom has the same number of electrons as protons it is uncharged.
TRIPLE ONLY
An electric current occurs when electric charges are moving from one place to another. This occurs best with conductors.
TRIPLE ONLY
TRIPLE ONLY
TRIPLE ONLY
TRIPLE ONLY
TRIPLE ONLY
repel The law of charges states that; like charges _______, unlike attract _________.
WORD SELECTION: attract insulating electrons rubbing positively repel charge stationary
TRIPLE ONLY
TRIPLE ONLY
TRIPLE ONLY
Antistatic floors
In operating theatres it is important that the doctors to do not become statically charged when walking around. This is because some of the anaesthetic gases used are explosive. Antistatic material is used for the floor surface so that any charge is conducted to earth.
TRIPLE ONLY
The negatively charged metal panel attracts the positively charged paint.
TRIPLE ONLY
2. Ink-jet Printer
Spots of ink are given an electric charge as they leave the ink nozzle. The deflecting plates cause the drops to hit the right part of the paper. The charges on the deflecting plates change many times per second so that each drop hits the paper in a different position.
TRIPLE ONLY
3. Photocopier
TRIPLE ONLY
TRIPLE ONLY
4. Smoke precipitator
An electrostatic precipitator is used to prevent the dust and ash produced by coal fired power stations from entering the atmosphere. The ash and dust becomes charged as it passes through the charged grid of wires.
The ash and dust is then attracted to the oppositely charged metal plates. When the plates are shaken the accumulated ash and dust falls down to be collected and removed.
Online Simulations
Balloons & Static Electricity - PhET Why does a balloon stick to your sweater? Rub a balloon on a sweater, then let go of the balloon and it flies over and sticks to the sweater. View the charges in the sweater, balloons, and the wall. Electric & Magnetic Forces - 'Whys Guy' Video Clip (3:30mins) - Shows Charged Balloon & Effect of a magnet on a TV screen. John Travoltage - PhET - Make sparks fly with John Travoltage. Wiggle Johnnie's foot and he picks up charges from the carpet. Bring his hand close to the door knob and get rid of the excess charge. Fuel Ignition While Refuelling A Car Word document with embedded video clip Charged Rod & Pith Ball - Iona Electric Force Tutorial - Science Trek How photocopying works - University of Delaware BBC KS3 Bitesize Revision: Electrical Charge BBC AQA GCSE Bitesize Revision: Attraction & Repulsion Uses of static electricity Charge, current, energy and time relationships
TRIPLE ONLY
Electric Charge
Notes questions from pages 66 to 73
1. 2. 3. Explain how a material can become charged using friction (see pages 66 & 67). Describe a simple experiment to show that like charges repel and unlike charges attract (see page 67). Explain with the aid of diagrams how the following devices make use of static electricity: (a) paint sprayers; (b) ink-jet printers; (c) photocopiers (see pages 70 & 71). Describe some of the problems caused by static electricity (see page 72). Answer the questions on page 73. Verify that you can do all of the items listed in the end of chapter checklist on page 73.
4.
5. 6.
Online Simulations
Balloons & Static Electricity - PhET - Why does a balloon stick to your sweater? Rub a balloon on a sweater, then let go of the balloon and it flies over and sticks to the sweater. View the charges in the sweater, balloons, and the wall. Electric & Magnetic Forces - 'Whys Guy' Video Clip (3:30mins) - Shows Charged Balloon & Effect of a magnet on a TV screen. John Travoltage - PhET - Make sparks fly with John Travoltage. Wiggle Johnnie's foot and he picks up charges from the carpet. Bring his hand close to the door knob and get rid of the excess charge. Fuel Ignition While Refuelling A Car - Word document with embedded video clip Charged Rod & Pith Ball - Iona Electric Force Tutorial - Science Trek How photocopying works - University of Delaware BBC KS3 Bitesize Revision: Electrical Charge BBC AQA GCSE Bitesize Revision: Attraction & Repulsion Uses of static electricity Charge, current, energy and time relationships