Hydraulic Valves

Functions of a valve
direct the flow of fluid regulate the pressure control volume

Three types of valves

Pressure adjust psi for some purpose Directional -- route the fluid to the desired actuator Volume Control or Flow Control -- control the amount of flow

Uses of pressure control valves

Limit system pressure Reduce pressures Set pressure at which oil enters a circuit Unload a pump

Types of relief valves, and their uses

Direct acting -- used with low volume and infrequent use Pilot operated -- used with high volume with little pressure difference

Five types of directional control valves

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Check valves Rotary Valves Pilot Operated Poppet Valves Electro-hydraulic Valves Spool Valves
1. Unibody 2. Stack

Types of volume control valves

1. Flow control -- control amount of flow
1. Restrict flow -- Usually non-compensated-Compensated valves do not adjust for pressure changes
1. Needle (non-compensated) 2. Gate (non-compensated)

2. Divert flow -- usually compensated

2. Flow dividers direct flow to two or more circuits

Three ways valves can be actuated/operated

Operators for directional-control valves are either;
Mechanical or manual (many different ways to manually operate a valve). Pilot makes use of low volume system pressure Electrical or Electronic A combination of the above

CHECK VALVE

5/3 Valve
With the spool in the mid (normal) position all ports are sealed Spool right, port 1 is joined to 4, port 2 is joined to 3 Spool left, port 1 is joined to 2, port 4 is joined to 5
4 2

1 3

14 5 4 1 2 3

12

5/3 Valve
With the spool in the mid (normal) position all ports are sealed Spool right, port 1 is joined to 4, port 2 is joined to 3 Spool left, port 1 is joined to 2, port 4 is joined to 5
4 2

1 3

14 5 4 1 2 3

12

5/3 Valve
With the spool in the mid (normal) position all ports are sealed Spool right, port 1 is joined to 4, port 2 is joined to 3 Spool left, port 1 is joined to 2, port 4 is joined to 5
4 2

1 3

14 5 4 1 2 3

12

SPOOL VALVE
Normal position: port 1 is joined to 4 and 2 is joined to 3 Operated position: port 1 is joined to 2 and 4 is joined to 5

4 14 1 5

2 12

14 5 4 1 2 3

12

Spool Valve
Normal position: port 1 is joined to 4 and 2 is joined to 3 Operated position: port 1 is joined to 2 and 4 is joined to 5

4 14 1 5

2 12

14 5 4 1 2 3

12

Rotary valve

SHUTTLE VALVE

PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE

PRESSURE CONTROL VALVES

PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE

PILOT OPERATED RELIEF VALVE

COMPOUND PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE

A relief valve containing both a balancing piston and a small, directoperated relief valve. The two designs work together to produce a valve that operates efficiently.

PRESSURE-REDUCING VALVE
A hydraulic pressure control valve designed to maintain the pressure in a portion of a system at a lower level than the pressure set by the system relief valve.

SEQUENCE VALVE
A hydraulic system pressure control valve designed to divert flow to a second portion of a circuit only after a preselected pressure has been applied to a primary actuator.

COUNTERBALANCE VALVE
A hydraulic system pressure control valve used as a safety device to prevent the movement of a loaded actuator without the application of additional pressure generated by the system power unit.

CYLINDER EXTENSION

CYLINDER RETRACTION